Indonesia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Iran at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Iraq at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Ireland at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Isle of Man at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Israel at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Italy at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Jamaica at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Japan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Jersey at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Jordan at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.15 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Kazakhstan at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.55 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Kenya at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Kiribati at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Korea, North at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.54 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Korea, South at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Kuwait at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.77 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.71 male(s)/female total population: 1.52 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Kyrgyzstan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Laos at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Latvia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Lebanon at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Lesotho at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Liberia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Libya at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Liechtenstein at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Lithuania at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Luxembourg at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Macau at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Macedonia at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Madagascar at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Malawi at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Malaysia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Maldives at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Mali at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Malta at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Marshall Islands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Mauritania at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Mauritius at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Mayotte at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.18 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Mexico at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of NA

Moldova at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Monaco at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Mongolia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Montserrat at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Morocco at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Mozambique at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Namibia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Nauru at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Nepal at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Netherlands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Netherlands Antilles at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

New Caledonia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

New Zealand at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Nicaragua at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Niger at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Nigeria at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Niue NA

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.7 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female total population: 0.77 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Norway at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Oman at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.44 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.23 male(s)/female total population: 1.25 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Pakistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Palau at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.17 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Panama at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Papua New Guinea at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Paraguay at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Peru at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Philippines at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Portugal at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Puerto Rico at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Qatar at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.24 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.87 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Romania at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Russia at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.46 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Rwanda at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Saint Helena at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Saint Lucia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Samoa at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.65 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.39 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

San Marino at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Saudi Arabia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.33 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1.2 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Senegal at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Seychelles at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.47 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Singapore at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Slovakia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Slovenia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Solomon Islands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Somalia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

South Africa at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Spain at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Sri Lanka at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Sudan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.15 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Suriname at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Svalbard NA

Swaziland at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Sweden at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Switzerland at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Syria at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Taiwan at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Tajikistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Tanzania at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Thailand at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Togo at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Tokelau NA

Tonga at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Tunisia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Turkey at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Turkmenistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Tuvalu at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Uganda at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Ukraine at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

United Arab Emirates at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.55 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.73 male(s)/female total population: 1.43 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

United Kingdom at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

United States at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Uruguay at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Uzbekistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Vanuatu at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Venezuela at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Vietnam at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Virgin Islands at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

West Bank at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Western Sahara NA

World at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Yemen at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Zambia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Zimbabwe at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2019 Heliports

Afghanistan 9 (2006)

Albania 1 (2006)

Algeria 1 (2006)

Antarctica 37 note: all 37 year-round and 15 seasonal stations operated by National Antarctic Programs stations have restricted helicopter landing facilities (helipads) (2006)

Australia 1 (2006)

Austria 1 (2006)

Azerbaijan 1 (2006)

Bahamas, The 1 (2006)

Bahrain 1 (2006)

Belarus 1 (2006)

Belgium 1 (2006)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 (2006)

Brazil 417 (2006)

Brunei 3 (2006)

Bulgaria 4 (2006)

Burma 1 (2006)

Cambodia 2 (2006)

Canada 12 (2006)

China 32 (2006)

Colombia 2 (2006)

Croatia 2 (2006)

Cyprus 10 (2006)

Czech Republic 2 (2006)

East Timor 9 (2006)

Ecuador 1 (2006)

Egypt 3 (2006)

El Salvador 1 (2006)

Estonia 1 (2006)

European Union 100 (2006)

France 3 (2006)

French Polynesia 1 (2006)

Gaza Strip 1 (2006)

Georgia 3 (2006)

Germany 32 (2006)

Greece 8 (2006)

Hong Kong 3 (2006)

Hungary 5 (2006)

India 28 (2006)

Indonesia 23 (2006)

Iran 15 (2006)

Iraq 8 (2006)

Israel 3 (2006)

Italy 5 (2006)

Japan 15 (2006)

Jordan 1 (2006)

Kazakhstan 4 (2006)

Korea, North 22 (2006)

Korea, South 540 (2006)

Kuwait 5 (2006)

Libya 2 (2006)

Luxembourg 1 (2006)

Malaysia 2 (2006)

Mexico 1 (2006)

Monaco 1 (2006)

Mongolia 2 (2006)

Morocco 1 (2006)

Netherlands 1 (2006)

New Caledonia 6 (2006)

Nigeria 1 (2006)

Northern Mariana Islands 1 (2006)

Norway 1 (2006)

Oman 1 (2006)

Pakistan 18 (2006)

Papua New Guinea 2 (2006)

Peru 1 (2006)

Philippines 2 (2006)

Poland 3 (2006)

Qatar 1 (2006)

Romania 1 (2006)

Russia 52 (2006)

Saudi Arabia 6 (2006)

Serbia 4 (2006)

Sierra Leone 2 (2006)

Slovakia 1 (2006)

Spain 8 (2006)

Sudan 1 (2006)

Sweden 2 (2006)

Switzerland 2 (2006)

Syria 7 (2006)

Taiwan 3 (2006)

Thailand 3 (2006)

Turkey 18 (2006)

Turkmenistan 1 (2006)

Ukraine 10 (2006)

United Arab Emirates 4 (2006)

United Kingdom 11 (2006)

United States 149 (2006)

Venezuela 1 (2006)

World 2,021 (2006)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2020 Elevation extremes (m)

Afghanistan lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m highest point: Nowshak 7,485 m

Albania lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,764 m

Algeria lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m highest point: Tahat 3,003 m

American Samoa lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Lata Mountain 964 m

Andorra lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m

Angola lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m

Anguilla lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m

Antarctica lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m highest point: Vinson Massif 4,897 m note: the lowest known land point in Antarctica is hidden in the Bentley Subglacial Trench; at its surface is the deepest ice yet discovered and the world's lowest elevation not under seawater

Antigua and Barbuda lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m

Arctic Ocean lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m

Argentina lowest point: Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) highest point: Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza)

Armenia lowest point: Debed River 400 m highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m

Aruba lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Jamanota 188 m

Ashmore and Cartier Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m

Atlantic Ocean lowest point: Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m highest point: sea level 0 m

Australia lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m

Austria lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m

Azerbaijan lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m

Bahamas, The lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Alvernia, on Cat Island 63 m

Bahrain lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m

Baker Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 8 m

Bangladesh lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Keokradong 1,230 m

Barbados lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m

Bassas da India lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 2.4 m

Belarus lowest point: Nyoman River 90 m highest point: Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m

Belgium lowest point: North Sea 0 m highest point: Signal de Botrange 694 m

Belize lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Victoria Peak 1,160 m

Benin lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Sokbaro 658 m

Bermuda lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m

Bhutan lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m

Bolivia lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m

Bosnia and Herzegovina lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maglic 2,386 m

Botswana lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m

Bouvet Island lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Olav Peak 935 m

Brazil lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico da Neblina 3,014 m

British Indian Ocean Territory lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m

British Virgin Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Sage 521 m

Brunei lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m

Bulgaria lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m

Burkina Faso lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m

Burma lowest point: Andaman Sea 0 m highest point: Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m

Burundi lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m

Cambodia lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m

Cameroon lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako 4,095 m (on Mt. Cameroon)

Canada lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m

Cape Verde lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)

Cayman Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: The Bluff (Cayman Brac) 43 m

Central African Republic lowest point: Oubangui River 335 m highest point: Mont Ngaoui 1,420 m

Chad lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m

Chile lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m

China lowest point: Turpan Pendi -154 m highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m

Christmas Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m

Clipperton Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Rocher Clipperton 29 m

Cocos (Keeling) Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m

Colombia lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation

Comoros lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m

Congo, Democratic Republic of the lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m

Congo, Republic of the lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Berongou 903 m

Cook Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Te Manga 652 m

Coral Sea Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m

Costa Rica lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m

Cote d'Ivoire lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m

Croatia lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Dinara 1,830 m

Cuba lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Pico Turquino 2,005 m

Cyprus lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m

Czech Republic lowest point: Elbe River 115 m highest point: Snezka 1,602 m

Denmark lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m

Djibouti lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m

Dominica lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Morne Diablatins 1,447 m

Dominican Republic lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m highest point: Pico Duarte 3,175 m

East Timor lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m

Ecuador lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m

Egypt lowest point: Qattara Depression -133 m highest point: Mount Catherine 2,629 m

El Salvador lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m

Equatorial Guinea lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m

Eritrea lowest point: near Kulul within the Denakil depression -75 m highest point: Soira 3,018 m

Estonia lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m

Ethiopia lowest point: Denakil Depression -125 m highest point: Ras Dejen 4,620 m

Europa Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 24 m

European Union lowest point: Lammefjord, Denmark -7 m; Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m highest point: Mont Blanc 4,807 m; note - situated on the border between France and Italy

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m

Faroe Islands lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Slaettaratindur 882 m

Fiji lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m

Finland lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Haltiatunturi 1,328 m

France lowest point: Rhone River delta -2 m highest point: Mont Blanc 4,807 m

French Polynesia lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Orohena 2,241 m

French Southern and Antarctic Lands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m

Gabon lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Iboundji 1,575 m

Gambia, The lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 53 m

Gaza Strip lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda) 105 m

Georgia lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m

Germany lowest point: Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.54 m highest point: Zugspitze 2,963 m

Ghana lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m

Gibraltar lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m

Glorioso Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 12 m

Greece lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Olympus 2,917 m

Greenland lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m

Grenada lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m

Guam lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Lamlam 406 m

Guatemala lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m

Guernsey lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Sark 114 m

Guinea lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m

Guinea-Bissau lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country 300 m

Guyana lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Roraima 2,835 m

Haiti lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m

Heard Island and McDonald Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m

Holy See (Vatican City) lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m

Honduras lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m

Hong Kong lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m

Howland Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m

Hungary lowest point: Tisza River 78 m highest point: Kekes 1,014 m

Iceland lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)

Iles Eparses lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Bassas da India 2.4 m; Europa Island 24 m; Glorioso Islands 12 m; Juan de Nova Island 10 m; Tromelin Island 7 m (all unnamed locations)

India lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

Indian Ocean lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m highest point: sea level 0 m

Indonesia lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Puncak Jaya 5,030 m

Iran lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m highest point: Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m

Iraq lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: unnamed peak; 3,611 m; note - this peak is not Gundah Zhur 3,607 m or Kuh-e Hajji-Ebrahim 3,595 m

Ireland lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Carrauntoohil 1,041 m

Isle of Man lowest point: Irish Sea 0 m highest point: Snaefell 621 m

Israel lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m highest point: Har Meron 1,208 m

Italy lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)

Jamaica lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m

Jan Mayen lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m

Japan lowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 m highest point: Mount Fuji 3,776 m

Jarvis Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 7 m

Jersey lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 143 m

Johnston Atoll lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Summit Peak 5 m

Jordan lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m highest point: Jabal Ram 1,734 m

Juan de Nova Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 10 m

Kazakhstan lowest point: Vpadina Kaundy -132 m highest point: Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m

Kenya lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m

Kingman Reef lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 1 m

Kiribati lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m

Korea, North lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Paektu-san 2,744 m

Korea, South lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m

Kuwait lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: unnamed location 306 m

Kyrgyzstan lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m

Laos lowest point: Mekong River 70 m highest point: Phou Bia 2,817 m

Latvia lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Gaizinkalns 312 m

Lebanon lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m

Lesotho lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m

Liberia lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wuteve 1,380 m

Libya lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m

Liechtenstein lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m

Lithuania lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Juozapines Kalnas 293.6 m

Luxembourg lowest point: Moselle River 133 m highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m

Macau lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m

Macedonia lowest point: Vardar River 50 m highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m

Madagascar lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m

Malawi lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m

Malaysia lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m

Maldives lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m

Mali lowest point: Senegal River 23 m highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m

Malta lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near Dingli)

Marshall Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Likiep 10 m

Mauritania lowest point: Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m highest point: Kediet Ijill 915 m

Mauritius lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m

Mayotte lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Benara 660 m

Mexico lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m

Micronesia, Federated States of lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m

Midway Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 13 m

Moldova lowest point: Dniester River 2 m highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m

Monaco lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m

Mongolia lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m

Montenegro lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

Montserrat lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: lava dome in English's Crater (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) estimated at over 930 m (2006)

Morocco lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m

Mozambique lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m

Namibia lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m

Nauru lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m

Navassa Island lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on southwest side 77 m

Nepal lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m

Netherlands lowest point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m highest point: Vaalserberg 322 m

Netherlands Antilles lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Scenery 862 m

New Caledonia lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m

New Zealand lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m

Nicaragua lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mogoton 2,438 m

Niger lowest point: Niger River 200 m highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m

Nigeria lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

Niue lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m

Norfolk Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m

Northern Mariana Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m

Norway lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m

Oman lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m highest point: Jabal Shams 2,980 m

Pacific Ocean lowest point: Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench -10,924 m highest point: sea level 0 m

Pakistan lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m

Palau lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Ngerchelchuus 242 m

Palmyra Atoll lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 2 m

Panama lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Volcan de Chiriqui 3,475 m

Papua New Guinea lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m

Paracel Islands lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m

Paraguay lowest point: junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana 46 m highest point: Cerro Pero (Cerro Tres Kandu) 842 m

Peru lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m

Philippines lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m

Pitcairn Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Pawala Valley Ridge 347 m

Poland lowest point: near Raczki Elblaskie -2 m highest point: Rysy 2,499 m

Portugal lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Puerto Rico lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,339 m

Qatar lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m

Romania lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m

Russia lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m highest point: Gora El'brus 5,633 m

Rwanda lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m

Saint Helena lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,062 m; Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m; Mount Actaeon on Saint Helena Island 818 m

Saint Kitts and Nevis lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m

Saint Lucia lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Gimie 950 m

Saint Pierre and Miquelon lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: La Soufriere 1,234 m

Samoa lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mauga Silisili (Savaii) 1,857 m

San Marino lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m

Sao Tome and Principe lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m

Saudi Arabia lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m

Senegal lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m

Serbia lowest point: NA highest point: Daravica 2,656 m

Seychelles lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m

Sierra Leone lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m

Singapore lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m

Slovakia lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m

Slovenia lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Triglav 2,864 m

Solomon Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Makarakomburu 2,447 m

Somalia lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Shimbiris 2,416 m

South Africa lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Njesuthi 3,408 m

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m

Southern Ocean lowest point: -7,235 m at the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench highest point: sea level 0 m

Spain lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m

Spratly Islands lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m

Sri Lanka lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Pidurutalagala 2,524 m

Sudan lowest point: Red Sea 0 m highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m

Suriname lowest point: unnamed location in the coastal plain -2 m highest point: Juliana Top 1,230 m

Svalbard lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m

Swaziland lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m

Sweden lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.41 m highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m

Switzerland lowest point: Lake Maggiore 195 m highest point: Dufourspitze 4,634 m

Syria lowest point: unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m highest point: Mount Hermon 2,814 m

Taiwan lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Yu Shan 3,952 m

Tajikistan lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

Tanzania lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

Thailand lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,576 m

Togo lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m

Tokelau lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m

Tonga lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m

Trinidad and Tobago lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m

Tromelin Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 7 m

Tunisia lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m

Turkey lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,166 m

Turkmenistan lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m

Turks and Caicos Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Hills 49 m

Tuvalu lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m

Uganda lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m

Ukraine lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m

United Arab Emirates lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m

United Kingdom lowest point: The Fens -4 m highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m

United States lowest point: Death Valley -86 m highest point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Baker Island, unnamed location - 8 m; Howland Island, unnamed location - 3 m; Jarvis Island, unnamed location - 7 m; Johnston Atoll, Sand Island - 10 m; Kingman Reef, unnamed location - less than 1 m; Midway Islands, unnamed location - 13 m; Palmyra Atoll, unnamed location - 2 m

Uruguay lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m

Uzbekistan lowest point: Sariqarnish Kuli -12 m highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m

Vanuatu lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m

Venezuela lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Pico Bolivar (La Columna) 5,007 m

Vietnam lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Fan Si Pan 3,144 m

Virgin Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Crown Mountain 475 m

Wake Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 6 m

Wallis and Futuna lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Singavi 765 m

West Bank lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m highest point: Tall Asur 1,022 m

Western Sahara lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m

World lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m

Yemen lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m

Zambia lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m

Zimbabwe lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2021 Natural hazards

Afghanistan damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts

Albania destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought

Algeria mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season

American Samoa typhoons common from December to March

Andorra avalanches

Angola locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Anguilla frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)

Antarctica katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf

Antigua and Barbuda hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts

Arctic Ocean ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May

Argentina San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding

Armenia occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts

Aruba lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt

Ashmore and Cartier Islands surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards

Atlantic Ocean icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December)

Australia cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires

Austria landslides; avalanches; earthquakes

Azerbaijan droughts

Bahamas, The hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage

Bahrain periodic droughts; dust storms

Baker Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard

Bangladesh droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season

Barbados infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides

Bassas da India maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones

Belarus NA

Belgium flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

Belize frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)

Benin hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March

Bermuda hurricanes (June to November)

Bhutan violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season

Bolivia flooding in the northeast (March-April)

Bosnia and Herzegovina destructive earthquakes

Botswana periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility

Bouvet Island NA

Brazil recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south

British Indian Ocean Territory NA

British Virgin Islands hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)

Brunei typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare

Bulgaria earthquakes, landslides

Burkina Faso recurring droughts

Burma destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts

Burundi flooding, landslides, drought

Cambodia monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts

Cameroon volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes

Canada continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains

Cape Verde prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active

Cayman Islands hurricanes (July to November)

Central African Republic hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common

Chad hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

Chile severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis

China frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence

Christmas Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard

Clipperton Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands cyclone season is October to April

Colombia highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts

Comoros cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano

Congo, Democratic Republic of the periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes

Congo, Republic of the seasonal flooding

Cook Islands typhoons (November to March)

Coral Sea Islands occasional tropical cyclones

Costa Rica occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes

Cote d'Ivoire coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible

Croatia destructive earthquakes

Cuba the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common

Cyprus moderate earthquake activity; droughts

Czech Republic flooding

Denmark flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes

Djibouti earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods

Dominica flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months

Dominican Republic lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts

East Timor floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones

Ecuador frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts

Egypt periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms

El Salvador known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes

Equatorial Guinea violent windstorms, flash floods

Eritrea frequent droughts; locust swarms

Estonia sometimes flooding occurs in the spring

Ethiopia geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts

Europa Island NA

European Union flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) strong winds persist throughout the year

Faroe Islands NA

Fiji cyclonic storms can occur from November to January

Finland NA

France metropolitan France: flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean overseas departments: hurricanes (cyclones), flooding, volcanic activity (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion)

French Polynesia occasional cyclonic storms in January

French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes

Gabon NA

Gambia, The drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)

Gaza Strip droughts

Georgia earthquakes

Germany flooding

Ghana dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts

Gibraltar NA

Glorioso Islands periodic cyclones

Greece severe earthquakes

Greenland continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island

Grenada lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November

Guam frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December)

Guatemala numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms

Guernsey NA

Guinea hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season

Guinea-Bissau hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires

Guyana flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons

Haiti lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts

Heard Island and McDonald Islands Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island

Holy See (Vatican City) NA

Honduras frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast

Hong Kong occasional typhoons

Howland Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard

Iceland earthquakes and volcanic activity

Iles Eparses all islands subject to periodic cyclones Bassas da India: maritime hazard since it is under water for a period of three hours prior to and following the high tide and surrounded by reefs

India droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes

Indian Ocean occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches

Indonesia occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires

Iran periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes

Iraq dust storms, sandstorms, floods

Ireland NA

Isle of Man NA

Israel sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes

Italy regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice

Jamaica hurricanes (especially July to November)

Jan Mayen dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970

Japan many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons

Jarvis Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard

Jersey NA

Johnston Atoll NA

Jordan droughts; periodic earthquakes

Juan de Nova Island periodic cyclones

Kazakhstan earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty

Kenya recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons

Kingman Reef wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard

Kiribati typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level

Korea, North late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall

Korea, South occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest

Kuwait sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August

Kyrgyzstan NA

Laos floods, droughts

Latvia NA

Lebanon dust storms, sandstorms

Lesotho periodic droughts

Liberia dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)

Libya hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms

Liechtenstein NA

Lithuania NA

Luxembourg NA

Macau typhoons

Macedonia high seismic risks

Madagascar periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation

Malawi NA

Malaysia flooding, landslides, forest fires

Maldives low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise

Mali hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding

Malta NA

Marshall Islands infrequent typhoons

Mauritania hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts

Mauritius cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards

Mayotte cyclones during rainy season

Mexico tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts

Micronesia, Federated States of typhoons (June to December)

Midway Islands NA

Moldova landslides (57 cases in 1998)

Monaco NA

Mongolia dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions

Montenegro destructive earthquakes

Montserrat severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995)

Morocco northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts

Mozambique severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces

Namibia prolonged periods of drought

Nauru periodic droughts

Navassa Island hurricanes

Nepal severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons

Netherlands flooding

Netherlands Antilles Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October

New Caledonia cyclones, most frequent from November to March

New Zealand earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity

Nicaragua destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes

Niger recurring droughts

Nigeria periodic droughts; flooding

Niue typhoons

Norfolk Island typhoons (especially May to July)

Northern Mariana Islands active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)

Norway rockslides, avalanches

Oman summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts

Pacific Ocean surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December

Pakistan frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

Palau typhoons (June to December)

Palmyra Atoll NA

Panama occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area

Papua New Guinea active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis

Paracel Islands typhoons

Paraguay local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)

Peru earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity

Philippines astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis

Pitcairn Islands typhoons (especially November to March)

Poland flooding

Portugal Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Puerto Rico periodic droughts; hurricanes

Qatar haze, dust storms, sandstorms common

Romania earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides

Russia permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia

Rwanda periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo

Saint Helena active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha, last eruption in 1961

Saint Kitts and Nevis hurricanes (July to October)

Saint Lucia hurricanes and volcanic activity

Saint Pierre and Miquelon persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat

Samoa occasional typhoons; active volcanism

San Marino NA

Sao Tome and Principe NA

Saudi Arabia frequent sand and dust storms

Senegal lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

Serbia destructive earthquakes

Seychelles lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible

Sierra Leone dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms

Singapore NA

Slovakia NA

Slovenia flooding and earthquakes

Solomon Islands typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity

Somalia recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season

South Africa prolonged droughts

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism

Southern Ocean huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue

Spain periodic droughts

Spratly Islands typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard

Sri Lanka occasional cyclones and tornadoes

Sudan dust storms and periodic persistent droughts

Suriname NA

Svalbard ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic

Swaziland drought

Sweden ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic

Switzerland avalanches, landslides, flash floods

Syria dust storms, sandstorms

Taiwan earthquakes and typhoons

Tajikistan earthquakes and floods

Tanzania flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought

Thailand land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts

Togo hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Tokelau lies in Pacific typhoon belt

Tonga cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou

Trinidad and Tobago outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms

Tromelin Island NA

Tunisia NA

Turkey severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van

Turkmenistan NA

Turks and Caicos Islands frequent hurricanes

Tuvalu severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level

Uganda NA

Ukraine NA

United Arab Emirates frequent sand and dust storms

United Kingdom winter windstorms; floods

United States tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard Kingman Reef: wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of less than 1 m makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard Midway Islands, Johnston, and Palmyra Atolls: NA

Uruguay seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts

Uzbekistan NA

Vanuatu tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis

Venezuela subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts

Vietnam occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta

Virgin Islands several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes

Wake Island occasional typhoons

Wallis and Futuna NA

West Bank droughts

Western Sahara hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility

World large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)

Yemen sandstorms and dust storms in summer

Zambia periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)

Zimbabwe recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2022 People - note

Afghanistan of the estimated 4 million refugees in October 2001, 2.3 million have returned

Ashmore and Cartier Islands the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem

Cook Islands 2001 census counted a resident population of 15,017

Cuba illicit migration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and over-land via the southwest border

Greece women, men, and children are trafficked to and within Greece for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor

Rwanda Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa

Turks and Caicos Islands destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and US

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2023 Area - comparative

Afghanistan slightly smaller than Texas

Akrotiri about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC

Albania slightly smaller than Maryland

Algeria slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

American Samoa slightly larger than Washington, DC

Andorra 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Angola slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Anguilla about half the size of Washington, DC

Antarctica slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US

Antigua and Barbuda 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Arctic Ocean slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US

Argentina slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US

Armenia slightly smaller than Maryland

Aruba slightly larger than Washington, DC

Ashmore and Cartier Islands about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Atlantic Ocean slightly less than 6.5 times the size of the US

Australia slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states

Austria slightly smaller than Maine

Azerbaijan slightly smaller than Maine

Bahamas, The slightly smaller than Connecticut

Bahrain 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Baker Island about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Bangladesh slightly smaller than Iowa

Barbados 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Bassas da India about one-third the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Belarus slightly smaller than Kansas

Belgium about the size of Maryland

Belize slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Benin slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Bermuda about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Bhutan about half the size of Indiana

Bolivia slightly less than three times the size of Montana

Bosnia and Herzegovina slightly smaller than West Virginia

Botswana slightly smaller than Texas

Bouvet Island about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Brazil slightly smaller than the US

British Indian Ocean Territory land area is about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

British Virgin Islands about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC

Brunei slightly smaller than Delaware

Bulgaria slightly larger than Tennessee

Burkina Faso slightly larger than Colorado

Burma slightly smaller than Texas

Burundi slightly smaller than Maryland

Cambodia slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Cameroon slightly larger than California

Canada somewhat larger than the US

Cape Verde slightly larger than Rhode Island

Cayman Islands 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Central African Republic slightly smaller than Texas

Chad slightly more than three times the size of California

Chile slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

China slightly smaller than the US

Christmas Island about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

Clipperton Island about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Cocos (Keeling) Islands about 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Colombia slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Comoros slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC

Congo, Democratic Republic of the slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US

Congo, Republic of the slightly smaller than Montana

Cook Islands 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Coral Sea Islands NA

Costa Rica slightly smaller than West Virginia

Cote d'Ivoire slightly larger than New Mexico

Croatia slightly smaller than West Virginia

Cuba slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Cyprus about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

Czech Republic slightly smaller than South Carolina

Denmark slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts

Dhekelia about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

Djibouti slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Dominica slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC

Dominican Republic slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire

East Timor slightly larger than Connecticut

Ecuador slightly smaller than Nevada

Egypt slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico

El Salvador slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Equatorial Guinea slightly smaller than Maryland

Eritrea slightly larger than Pennsylvania

Estonia slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined

Ethiopia slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Europa Island about 0.16 times the size of Washington, DC

European Union less than one-half the size of the US

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) slightly smaller than Connecticut

Faroe Islands eight times the size of Washington, DC

Fiji slightly smaller than New Jersey

Finland slightly smaller than Montana

France slightly less than the size of Texas

French Polynesia slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut

French Southern and Antarctic Lands slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware

Gabon slightly smaller than Colorado

Gambia, The slightly less than twice the size of Delaware

Gaza Strip slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Georgia slightly smaller than South Carolina

Germany slightly smaller than Montana

Ghana slightly smaller than Oregon

Gibraltar about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Glorioso Islands about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Greece slightly smaller than Alabama

Greenland slightly more than three times the size of Texas

Grenada twice the size of Washington, DC

Guam three times the size of Washington, DC

Guatemala slightly smaller than Tennessee

Guernsey about one-half the size of Washington, DC

Guinea slightly smaller than Oregon

Guinea-Bissau slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut

Guyana slightly smaller than Idaho

Haiti slightly smaller than Maryland

Heard Island and McDonald Islands slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC

Holy See (Vatican City) about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Honduras slightly larger than Tennessee

Hong Kong six times the size of Washington, DC

Howland Island about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Hungary slightly smaller than Indiana

Iceland slightly smaller than Kentucky

Iles Eparses Bassas da India: land area about one-third the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Europa Island: about one-sixth the size of Washington, DC Glorioso Islands: about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Juan de Nova Island: about seven times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Tromelin Island: about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

India slightly more than one-third the size of the US

Indian Ocean about 5.5 times the size of the US

Indonesia slightly less than three times the size of Texas

Iran slightly larger than Alaska

Iraq slightly more than twice the size of Idaho

Ireland slightly larger than West Virginia

Isle of Man slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC

Israel slightly smaller than New Jersey

Italy slightly larger than Arizona

Jamaica slightly smaller than Connecticut

Jan Mayen slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Japan slightly smaller than California

Jarvis Island about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Jersey about two-thirds the size of Washington, DC

Johnston Atoll about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Jordan slightly smaller than Indiana

Juan de Nova Island about seven times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Kazakhstan slightly less than four times the size of Texas

Kenya slightly more than twice the size of Nevada

Kingman Reef about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Kiribati four times the size of Washington, DC

Korea, North slightly smaller than Mississippi

Korea, South slightly larger than Indiana

Kuwait slightly smaller than New Jersey

Kyrgyzstan slightly smaller than South Dakota

Laos slightly larger than Utah

Latvia slightly larger than West Virginia

Lebanon about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut

Lesotho slightly smaller than Maryland

Liberia slightly larger than Tennessee

Libya slightly larger than Alaska

Liechtenstein about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC

Lithuania slightly larger than West Virginia

Luxembourg slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Macau less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC

Macedonia slightly larger than Vermont

Madagascar slightly less than twice the size of Arizona

Malawi slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Malaysia slightly larger than New Mexico

Maldives about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC

Mali slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Malta slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC

Marshall Islands about the size of Washington, DC

Mauritania slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico

Mauritius almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC

Mayotte slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Mexico slightly less than three times the size of Texas

Micronesia, Federated States of four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)

Midway Islands about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Moldova slightly larger than Maryland

Monaco about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Mongolia slightly smaller than Alaska

Montenegro slightly smaller than Connecticut

Montserrat about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC

Morocco slightly larger than California

Mozambique slightly less than twice the size of California

Namibia slightly more than half the size of Alaska

Nauru about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC

Navassa Island about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Nepal slightly larger than Arkansas

Netherlands slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

Netherlands Antilles more than five times the size of Washington, DC

New Caledonia slightly smaller than New Jersey

New Zealand about the size of Colorado

Nicaragua slightly smaller than the state of New York

Niger slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Nigeria slightly more than twice the size of California

Niue 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Norfolk Island about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC

Northern Mariana Islands 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Norway slightly larger than New Mexico

Oman slightly smaller than Kansas

Pacific Ocean about 15 times the size of the US; covers about 28% of the global surface; larger than the total land area of the world

Pakistan slightly less than twice the size of California

Palau slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Palmyra Atoll about 20 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Panama slightly smaller than South Carolina

Papua New Guinea slightly larger than California

Paracel Islands NA

Paraguay slightly smaller than California

Peru slightly smaller than Alaska

Philippines slightly larger than Arizona

Pitcairn Islands about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Poland slightly smaller than New Mexico

Portugal slightly smaller than Indiana

Puerto Rico slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island

Qatar slightly smaller than Connecticut

Romania slightly smaller than Oregon

Russia approximately 1.8 times the size of the US

Rwanda slightly smaller than Maryland

Saint Helena slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Saint Lucia 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines twice the size of Washington, DC

Samoa slightly smaller than Rhode Island

San Marino about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Sao Tome and Principe more than five times the size of Washington, DC

Saudi Arabia slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US

Senegal slightly smaller than South Dakota

Serbia slightly larger than South Carolina

Seychelles 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Sierra Leone slightly smaller than South Carolina

Singapore slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Slovakia about twice the size of New Hampshire