Panama Independence Day, 3 November (1903)

Papua New Guinea Independence Day, 16 September (1975)

Paraguay Independence Day, 14 May 1811 (observed 15 May annually)

Peru Independence Day, 28 July (1821)

Philippines Independence Day, 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from US

Pitcairn Islands Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)

Poland Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)

Portugal Portugal Day (Day of Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died

Puerto Rico US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day, 25 July (1952)

Qatar Independence Day, 3 September (1971)

Romania Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)

Russia Russia Day, 12 June (1990)

Rwanda Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

Saint Helena Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)

Saint Kitts and Nevis Independence Day, 19 September (1983)

Saint Lucia Independence Day, 22 February (1979)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Independence Day, 27 October (1979)

Samoa Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, however it is observed in June

San Marino Founding of the Republic, 3 September (AD 301)

Sao Tome and Principe Independence Day, 12 July (1975)

Saudi Arabia Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)

Senegal Independence Day, 4 April (1960)

Serbia National Day, 15 February

Seychelles Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)

Sierra Leone Independence Day, 27 April (1961)

Singapore National Day, 9 August (1965)

Slovakia Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)

Slovenia Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

Solomon Islands Independence Day, 7 July (1978)

Somalia Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26 June (1960) in Somaliland

South Africa Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)

Spain National Day, 12 October

Sri Lanka Independence Day, 4 February (1948)

Sudan Independence Day, 1 January (1956)

Suriname Independence Day, 25 November (1975)

Swaziland Independence Day, 6 September (1968)

Sweden National Day, 6 June

Switzerland Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)

Syria Independence Day, 17 April (1946)

Taiwan Republic Day (Anniversary of the Chinese Revolution), 10 October (1911)

Tajikistan Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

Tanzania Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)

Thailand Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927)

Togo Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Tokelau Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)

Tonga Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)

Trinidad and Tobago Independence Day, 31 August (1962)

Tunisia Independence Day, 20 March (1956)

Turkey Republic Day, 29 October (1923)

Turkmenistan Independence Day, 27 October (1991)

Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)

Tuvalu Independence Day, 1 October (1978)

Uganda Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Ukraine Independence Day, 24 August (1991); 22 January (1918), the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia) and the day the short-lived Western and Central Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day

United Arab Emirates Independence Day, 2 December (1971)

United Kingdom the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday

United States Independence Day, 4 July (1776)

Uruguay Independence Day, 25 August (1825)

Uzbekistan Independence Day, 1 September (1991)

Vanuatu Independence Day, 30 July (1980)

Venezuela Independence Day, 5 July (1811)

Vietnam Independence Day, 2 September (1945)

Virgin Islands Transfer Day (from Denmark to the US), 27 March (1917)

Wallis and Futuna Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Yemen Unification Day, 22 May (1990)

Zambia Independence Day, 24 October (1964)

Zimbabwe Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2110 Nationality

Afghanistan noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan

Albania noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian

Algeria noun: Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian

American Samoa noun: American Samoan(s) (US nationals) adjective: American Samoan

Andorra noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran

Angola noun: Angolan(s) adjective: Angolan

Anguilla noun: Anguillan(s) adjective: Anguillan

Antigua and Barbuda noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s) adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan

Argentina noun: Argentine(s) adjective: Argentine

Armenia noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian

Aruba noun: Aruban(s) adjective: Aruban; Dutch

Australia noun: Australian(s) adjective: Australian

Austria noun: Austrian(s) adjective: Austrian

Azerbaijan noun: Azerbaijani(s), Azeri(s) adjective: Azerbaijani, Azeri

Bahamas, The noun: Bahamian(s) adjective: Bahamian

Bahrain noun: Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini

Bangladesh noun: Bangladeshi(s) adjective: Bangladeshi

Barbados noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial) adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)

Belarus noun: Belarusian(s) adjective: Belarusian

Belgium noun: Belgian(s) adjective: Belgian

Belize noun: Belizean(s) adjective: Belizean

Benin noun: Beninese (singular and plural) adjective: Beninese

Bermuda noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian

Bhutan noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural) adjective: Bhutanese

Bolivia noun: Bolivian(s) adjective: Bolivian

Bosnia and Herzegovina noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian

Botswana noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

Brazil noun: Brazilian(s) adjective: Brazilian

British Virgin Islands noun: British Virgin Islander(s) adjective: British Virgin Islander

Brunei noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian

Bulgaria noun: Bulgarian(s) adjective: Bulgarian

Burkina Faso noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural) adjective: Burkinabe

Burma noun: Burmese (singular and plural) adjective: Burmese

Burundi noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian

Cambodia noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian

Cameroon noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian

Canada noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian

Cape Verde noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean

Cayman Islands noun: Caymanian(s) adjective: Caymanian

Central African Republic noun: Central African(s) adjective: Central African

Chad noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian

Chile noun: Chilean(s) adjective: Chilean

China noun: Chinese (singular and plural) adjective: Chinese

Christmas Island noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island

Cocos (Keeling) Islands noun: Cocos Islander(s) adjective: Cocos Islander

Colombia noun: Colombian(s) adjective: Colombian

Comoros noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran

Congo, Democratic Republic of the noun: Congolese (singular and plural) adjective: Congolese or Congo

Congo, Republic of the noun: Congolese (singular and plural) adjective: Congolese or Congo

Cook Islands noun: Cook Islander(s) adjective: Cook Islander

Costa Rica noun: Costa Rican(s) adjective: Costa Rican

Cote d'Ivoire noun: Ivoirian(s) adjective: Ivoirian

Croatia noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s) adjective: Croatian

Cuba noun: Cuban(s) adjective: Cuban

Cyprus noun: Cypriot(s) adjective: Cypriot

Czech Republic noun: Czech(s) adjective: Czech

Denmark noun: Dane(s) adjective: Danish

Djibouti noun: Djiboutian(s) adjective: Djiboutian

Dominica noun: Dominican(s) adjective: Dominican

Dominican Republic noun: Dominican(s) adjective: Dominican

East Timor noun: Timorese adjective: Timorese

Ecuador noun: Ecuadorian(s) adjective: Ecuadorian

Egypt noun: Egyptian(s) adjective: Egyptian

El Salvador noun: Salvadoran(s) adjective: Salvadoran

Equatorial Guinea noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s) adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean

Eritrea noun: Eritrean(s) adjective: Eritrean

Estonia noun: Estonian(s) adjective: Estonian

Ethiopia noun: Ethiopian(s) adjective: Ethiopian

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island

Faroe Islands noun: Faroese (singular and plural) adjective: Faroese

Fiji noun: Fijian(s) adjective: Fijian

Finland noun: Finn(s) adjective: Finnish

France noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French

French Polynesia noun: French Polynesian(s) adjective: French Polynesian

Gabon noun: Gabonese (singular and plural) adjective: Gabonese

Gambia, The noun: Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian

Gaza Strip noun: NA adjective: NA

Georgia noun: Georgian(s) adjective: Georgian

Germany noun: German(s) adjective: German

Ghana noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian

Gibraltar noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar

Greece noun: Greek(s) adjective: Greek

Greenland noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic

Grenada noun: Grenadian(s) adjective: Grenadian

Guam noun: Guamanian(s) (US citizens) adjective: Guamanian

Guatemala noun: Guatemalan(s) adjective: Guatemalan

Guernsey noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander

Guinea noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean

Guinea-Bissau noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean

Guyana noun: Guyanese (singular and plural) adjective: Guyanese

Haiti noun: Haitian(s) adjective: Haitian

Holy See (Vatican City) noun: none adjective: none

Honduras noun: Honduran(s) adjective: Honduran

Hong Kong noun: Chinese/Hong Konger adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong

Hungary noun: Hungarian(s) adjective: Hungarian

Iceland noun: Icelander(s) adjective: Icelandic

India noun: Indian(s) adjective: Indian

Indonesia noun: Indonesian(s) adjective: Indonesian

Iran noun: Iranian(s) adjective: Iranian

Iraq noun: Iraqi(s) adjective: Iraqi

Ireland noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective plural) adjective: Irish

Isle of Man noun: Manxman (men), Manxwoman (women) adjective: Manx

Israel noun: Israeli(s) adjective: Israeli

Italy noun: Italian(s) adjective: Italian

Jamaica noun: Jamaican(s) adjective: Jamaican

Japan noun: Japanese (singular and plural) adjective: Japanese

Jersey noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander

Jordan noun: Jordanian(s) adjective: Jordanian

Kazakhstan noun: Kazakhstani(s) adjective: Kazakhstani

Kenya noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan

Kiribati noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural) adjective: I-Kiribati

Korea, North noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean

Korea, South noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean

Kuwait noun: Kuwaiti(s) adjective: Kuwaiti

Kyrgyzstan noun: Kyrgyzstani(s) adjective: Kyrgyzstani

Laos noun: Lao(s) or Laotian(s) adjective: Lao or Laotian

Latvia noun: Latvian(s) adjective: Latvian

Lebanon noun: Lebanese (singular and plural) adjective: Lebanese

Lesotho noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural) adjective: Basotho

Liberia noun: Liberian(s) adjective: Liberian

Libya noun: Libyan(s) adjective: Libyan

Liechtenstein noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein

Lithuania noun: Lithuanian(s) adjective: Lithuanian

Luxembourg noun: Luxembourger(s) adjective: Luxembourg

Macau noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese

Macedonia noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian

Madagascar noun: Malagasy (singular and plural) adjective: Malagasy

Malawi noun: Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian

Malaysia noun: Malaysian(s) adjective: Malaysian

Maldives noun: Maldivian(s) adjective: Maldivian

Mali noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian

Malta noun: Maltese (singular and plural) adjective: Maltese

Marshall Islands noun: Marshallese (singular and plural) adjective: Marshallese

Mauritania noun: Mauritanian(s) adjective: Mauritanian

Mauritius noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian

Mayotte noun: Mahorais (singular and plural) adjective: Mahoran

Mexico noun: Mexican(s) adjective: Mexican

Micronesia, Federated States of noun: Micronesian(s) adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese

Moldova noun: Moldovan(s) adjective: Moldovan

Monaco noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

Mongolia noun: Mongolian(s) adjective: Mongolian

Montenegro noun: Montenegrin(s) adjective: Montenegrin

Montserrat noun: Montserratian(s) adjective: Montserratian

Morocco noun: Moroccan(s) adjective: Moroccan

Mozambique noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican

Namibia noun: Namibian(s) adjective: Namibian

Nauru noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan

Nepal noun: Nepalese (singular and plural) adjective: Nepalese

Netherlands noun: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women) adjective: Dutch

Netherlands Antilles noun: Dutch Antillean(s) adjective: Dutch Antillean

New Caledonia noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian

New Zealand noun: New Zealander(s) adjective: New Zealand

Nicaragua noun: Nicaraguan(s) adjective: Nicaraguan

Niger noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien

Nigeria noun: Nigerian(s) adjective: Nigerian

Niue noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean

Norfolk Island noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)

Northern Mariana Islands noun: NA (US citizens) adjective: NA

Norway noun: Norwegian(s) adjective: Norwegian

Oman noun: Omani(s) adjective: Omani

Pakistan noun: Pakistani(s) adjective: Pakistani

Palau noun: Palauan(s) adjective: Palauan

Panama noun: Panamanian(s) adjective: Panamanian

Papua New Guinea noun: Papua New Guinean(s) adjective: Papua New Guinean

Paraguay noun: Paraguayan(s) adjective: Paraguayan

Peru noun: Peruvian(s) adjective: Peruvian

Philippines noun: Filipino(s) adjective: Philippine

Pitcairn Islands noun: Pitcairn Islander(s) adjective: Pitcairn Islander

Poland noun: Pole(s) adjective: Polish

Portugal noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese

Puerto Rico noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens) adjective: Puerto Rican

Qatar noun: Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari

Romania noun: Romanian(s) adjective: Romanian

Russia noun: Russian(s) adjective: Russian

Rwanda noun: Rwandan(s) adjective: Rwandan

Saint Helena noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian note: referred to locally as "Saints"

Saint Kitts and Nevis noun: Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s) adjective: Kittitian, Nevisian

Saint Lucia noun: Saint Lucian(s) adjective: Saint Lucian

Saint Pierre and Miquelon noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines noun: Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s) adjective: Saint Vincentian or Vincentian

Samoa noun: Samoan(s) adjective: Samoan

San Marino noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese

Sao Tome and Principe noun: Sao Tomean(s) adjective: Sao Tomean

Saudi Arabia noun: Saudi(s) adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian

Senegal noun: Senegalese (singular and plural) adjective: Senegalese

Serbia noun: Serb(s) adjective: Serbian

Seychelles noun: Seychellois (singular and plural) adjective: Seychellois

Sierra Leone noun: Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean

Singapore noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singapore

Slovakia noun: Slovak(s) adjective: Slovak

Slovenia noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian

Solomon Islands noun: Solomon Islander(s) adjective: Solomon Islander

Somalia noun: Somali(s) adjective: Somali

South Africa noun: South African(s) adjective: South African

Spain noun: Spaniard(s) adjective: Spanish

Sri Lanka noun: Sri Lankan(s) adjective: Sri Lankan

Sudan noun: Sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: Sudanese

Suriname noun: Surinamer(s) adjective: Surinamese

Swaziland noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi

Sweden noun: Swede(s) adjective: Swedish

Switzerland noun: Swiss (singular and plural) adjective: Swiss

Syria noun: Syrian(s) adjective: Syrian

Taiwan noun: Taiwan (singular and plural) note: example - he or she is from Taiwan; they are from Taiwan adjective: Taiwan

Tajikistan noun: Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani

Tanzania noun: Tanzanian(s) adjective: Tanzanian

Thailand noun: Thai (singular and plural) adjective: Thai

Togo noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese

Tokelau noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan

Tonga noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan

Trinidad and Tobago noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian

Tunisia noun: Tunisian(s) adjective: Tunisian

Turkey noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish

Turkmenistan noun: Turkmen(s) adjective: Turkmen

Turks and Caicos Islands noun: none adjective: none

Tuvalu noun: Tuvaluan(s) adjective: Tuvaluan

Uganda noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan

Ukraine noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian

United Arab Emirates noun: Emirati(s) adjective: Emirati

United Kingdom noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural) adjective: British

United States noun: American(s) adjective: American

Uruguay noun: Uruguayan(s) adjective: Uruguayan

Uzbekistan noun: Uzbekistani adjective: Uzbekistani

Vanuatu noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural) adjective: Ni-Vanuatu

Venezuela noun: Venezuelan(s) adjective: Venezuelan

Vietnam noun: Vietnamese (singular and plural) adjective: Vietnamese

Virgin Islands noun: Virgin Islander(s) (US citizens) adjective: Virgin Islander

Wallis and Futuna noun: Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islanders adjective: Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander

West Bank noun: NA adjective: NA

Western Sahara noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian

Yemen noun: Yemeni(s) adjective: Yemeni

Zambia noun: Zambian(s) adjective: Zambian

Zimbabwe noun: Zimbabwean(s) adjective: Zimbabwean

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2111 Natural resources

Afghanistan natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones

Albania petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower

Algeria petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc

American Samoa pumice, pumicite

Andorra hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Angola petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Anguilla salt, fish, lobster

Antarctica iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small uncommercial quantities; none presently exploited; krill, finfish, and crab have been taken by commercial fisheries

Antigua and Barbuda NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism

Arctic Ocean sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)

Argentina fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium

Armenia small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina

Aruba NEGL; white sandy beaches

Ashmore and Cartier Islands fish

Atlantic Ocean oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones

Australia bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum

Austria oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower

Azerbaijan petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina

Bahamas, The salt, aragonite, timber, arable land

Bahrain oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls

Baker Island guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Bangladesh natural gas, arable land, timber, coal

Barbados petroleum, fish, natural gas

Bassas da India none

Belarus forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay

Belgium construction materials, silica sand, carbonates

Belize arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower

Benin small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber

Bermuda limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

Bhutan timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate

Bolivia tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower

Bosnia and Herzegovina coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, forests, hydropower

Botswana diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver

Bouvet Island none

Brazil bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber

British Indian Ocean Territory coconuts, fish, sugarcane

British Virgin Islands NEGL

Brunei petroleum, natural gas, timber

Bulgaria bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land

Burkina Faso manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt

Burma petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower

Burundi nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone

Cambodia oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Cameroon petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower

Canada iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower

Cape Verde salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum

Cayman Islands fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism

Central African Republic diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower

Chad petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt

Chile copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower

China coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)

Christmas Island phosphate, beaches

Clipperton Island fish

Cocos (Keeling) Islands fish

Colombia petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower

Comoros NEGL

Congo, Democratic Republic of the cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber

Congo, Republic of the petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower

Cook Islands NEGL

Coral Sea Islands NEGL

Costa Rica hydropower

Cote d'Ivoire petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower

Croatia oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Cuba cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land

Cyprus copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

Czech Republic hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber

Denmark petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand

Djibouti geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum

Dominica timber, hydropower, arable land

Dominican Republic nickel, bauxite, gold, silver

East Timor gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble

Ecuador petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower

Egypt petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc

El Salvador hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land

Equatorial Guinea petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay

Eritrea gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish

Estonia oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud

Ethiopia small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower

Europa Island NEGL

European Union iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss

Faroe Islands fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Fiji timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower

Finland timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone

France coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorospar, gypsum, timber, fish French Guiana: gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum, clay

French Polynesia timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower

French Southern and Antarctic Lands fish, crayfish

Gabon petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower

Gambia, The fish, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay, petroleum

Gaza Strip arable land, natural gas

Georgia forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

Germany coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land

Ghana gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone

Gibraltar none

Glorioso Islands guano, coconuts

Greece lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential

Greenland coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Grenada timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors

Guam fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan)

Guatemala petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower

Guernsey cropland

Guinea bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt

Guinea-Bissau fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum

Guyana bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish

Haiti bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower

Heard Island and McDonald Islands fish

Holy See (Vatican City) none

Honduras timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower

Hong Kong outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar

Howland Island guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Hungary bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

Iceland fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

Iles Eparses Bassas da India and Europa Island: none Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island: guano, phosphates; coconuts Tromelin Island: fish

India coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

Indian Ocean oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules

Indonesia petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver

Iran petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur

Iraq petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur

Ireland natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite

Isle of Man none

Israel timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand

Italy coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorospar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land

Jamaica bauxite, gypsum, limestone

Jan Mayen none

Japan negligible mineral resources, fish

Jarvis Island guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Jersey arable land

Johnston Atoll guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Jordan phosphates, potash, shale oil

Juan de Nova Island guano deposits and other fertilizers

Kazakhstan major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium

Kenya limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower

Kingman Reef terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Kiribati phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)

Korea, North coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower

Korea, South coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential

Kuwait petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas

Kyrgyzstan abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

Laos timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones

Latvia peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, wood, arable land

Lebanon limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land

Lesotho water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone

Liberia iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower

Libya petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

Liechtenstein hydroelectric potential, arable land

Lithuania peat, arable land, amber

Luxembourg iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land

Macau NEGL

Macedonia low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land

Madagascar graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower

Malawi limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite

Malaysia tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite

Maldives fish

Mali gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited

Malta limestone, salt, arable land

Marshall Islands coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals

Mauritania iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish

Mauritius arable land, fish

Mayotte NEGL

Mexico petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber

Micronesia, Federated States of forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate

Midway Islands wildlife, terrestrial and aquatic

Moldova lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone

Monaco none

Mongolia oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron

Montenegro bauxite, hydroelectricity

Montserrat NEGL

Morocco phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt

Mozambique coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite

Namibia diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore

Nauru phosphates, fish

Navassa Island guano

Nepal quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore

Netherlands natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land

Netherlands Antilles phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)

New Caledonia nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper

New Zealand natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone

Nicaragua gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish

Niger uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum

Nigeria natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land

Niue fish, arable land

Norfolk Island fish

Northern Mariana Islands arable land, fish

Norway petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower

Oman petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas

Pacific Ocean oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish

Pakistan land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Palau forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals

Palmyra Atoll terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Panama copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower

Papua New Guinea gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries

Paracel Islands none

Paraguay hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone

Peru copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas

Philippines timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper

Pitcairn Islands miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore

Poland coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land

Portugal fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Puerto Rico some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil

Qatar petroleum, natural gas, fish

Romania petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower

Russia wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources

Rwanda gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land

Saint Helena fish, lobster

Saint Kitts and Nevis arable land

Saint Lucia forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential

Saint Pierre and Miquelon fish, deepwater ports

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines hydropower, cropland

Samoa hardwood forests, fish, hydropower

San Marino building stone

Sao Tome and Principe fish, hydropower

Saudi Arabia petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper

Senegal fish, phosphates, iron ore

Serbia oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land

Seychelles fish, copra, cinnamon trees

Sierra Leone diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite

Singapore fish, deepwater ports

Slovakia brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land

Slovenia lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver, hydropower, forests

Solomon Islands fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel

Somalia uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves

South Africa gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands fish

Southern Ocean probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales, and seals - none exploited; krill, fishes

Spain coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land

Spratly Islands fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential

Sri Lanka limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower

Sudan petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower

Suriname timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore

Svalbard coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish

Swaziland asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc

Sweden iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower

Switzerland hydropower potential, timber, salt

Syria petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower

Taiwan small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos

Tajikistan hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Tanzania hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

Thailand tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land

Togo phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land

Tokelau NEGL

Tonga fish, fertile soil

Trinidad and Tobago petroleum, natural gas, asphalt

Tromelin Island fish

Tunisia petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt

Turkey coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower

Turkmenistan petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt

Turks and Caicos Islands spiny lobster, conch

Tuvalu fish

Uganda copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land

Ukraine iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land

United Arab Emirates petroleum, natural gas

United Kingdom coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land

United States coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Uruguay arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries

Uzbekistan natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Vanuatu manganese, hardwood forests, fish

Venezuela petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds

Vietnam phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower

Virgin Islands sun, sand, sea, surf

Wake Island none

Wallis and Futuna NEGL

West Bank arable land

Western Sahara phosphates, iron ore

World the rapid depletion of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address

Yemen petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west

Zambia copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower

Zimbabwe coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2112 Net migration rate (migrant(s)/1,000 population)

Afghanistan 0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Albania -4.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Algeria -0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

American Samoa -21.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Andorra 6.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Angola 3.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Anguilla 6.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda -6.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Argentina 0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Armenia -5.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Aruba 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Australia 3.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Austria 1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Azerbaijan -4.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bahamas, The -2.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bahrain 0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bangladesh -0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Barbados -0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Belarus 2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Belgium 1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Belize 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Benin 0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bermuda 2.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bhutan 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bolivia -1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Botswana 6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2006 est.)

Brazil -0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

British Virgin Islands 9.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Brunei 3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bulgaria -4.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Burkina Faso 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Burma 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Burundi 8.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cambodia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cameroon 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Canada 5.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cape Verde -11.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cayman Islands 17.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US (2006 est.)

Central African Republic 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Chad -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Chile 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

China -0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Comoros 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: fighting between the Congolese Government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DRC in August 1998, which left 2.33 million Congolese internally displaced and caused 412,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries (2006 est.)

Congo, Republic of the -3.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Costa Rica 0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Croatia 1.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cuba -1.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cyprus 0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Czech Republic 0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Denmark 2.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Djibouti 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Dominica -9.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Dominican Republic -2.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

East Timor 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ecuador -3.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Egypt -0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

El Salvador -3.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Eritrea 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Estonia -3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ethiopia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2006 est.)

European Union 1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Faroe Islands 0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Fiji -2.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Finland 0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

France 0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

French Polynesia 2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gabon -2.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gambia, The 1.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gaza Strip 1.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Georgia -4.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Germany 2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ghana -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gibraltar 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Greece 2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Greenland -8.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Grenada -12.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guam 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guatemala -1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guernsey 3.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guinea 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: as a result of conflict in neighboring countries, Guinea is host to approximately 141,500 refugees from Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, and Sierra Leone (2006 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guyana -7.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Haiti -1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Honduras -1.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Hong Kong 4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Hungary 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Iceland 1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

India -0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Indonesia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Iran -0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Iraq 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ireland 4.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Isle of Man 5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Israel 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Italy 2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Jamaica -6.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Japan 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Jersey 2.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Jordan 6.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kazakhstan -3.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kenya 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 2005 Kenya was host to 233,778 refugees from neighboring countries, including Somalia 153,627, Sudan 67,556, Ethiopia 12,595 (2006 est.)

Kiribati 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Korea, North 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Korea, South 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kuwait 15.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kyrgyzstan -2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Laos 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Latvia -2.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Lebanon 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Lesotho -0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Liberia 27.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: at least 238,500 Liberian refugees are in surrounding countries; the uncertain security situation has hindered their ability to return (2006 est.)

Libya 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Liechtenstein 4.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Lithuania -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Luxembourg 8.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Macau 4.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Macedonia -0.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Madagascar 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Malawi 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Malaysia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region (2006 est.)

Maldives 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mali -6.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Malta 2.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Marshall Islands -5.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mauritania 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mauritius -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mayotte 4.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mexico -4.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of -21.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Moldova -0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Monaco 7.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mongolia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Montserrat 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Morocco -0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mozambique 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Namibia 0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nauru 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nepal 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Netherlands 2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Netherlands Antilles -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

New Caledonia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia (2006 est.)

New Zealand 3.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nicaragua -1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Niger -0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nigeria 0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Niue NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands 8.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Norway 1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Oman 0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Pakistan -0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Palau 1.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Panama -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Papua New Guinea 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Paraguay -0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Peru -1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Philippines -1.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland -0.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Portugal 3.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Puerto Rico -1.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Qatar 14.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Romania -0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Russia 1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Rwanda 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Helena 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis -4.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Lucia -1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon -4.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -7.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Samoa -11.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

San Marino 10.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe -2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saudi Arabia -4.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Senegal 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Seychelles -5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone 0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2006 est.)

Singapore 9.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Slovakia 0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Slovenia 0.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Solomon Islands 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Somalia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

South Africa -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2006 est.)

Spain 0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sri Lanka -1.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sudan -0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Suriname -8.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Svalbard NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Swaziland 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sweden 1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Switzerland 3.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Syria 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Taiwan 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tajikistan -2.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tanzania -3.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Thailand 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Togo 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tokelau NA

Tonga 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago -11.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tunisia -0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Turkey 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Turkmenistan -0.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 10.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tuvalu 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Uganda -1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ukraine -0.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

United Arab Emirates 0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

United Kingdom 2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

United States 3.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Uruguay -0.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Uzbekistan -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Vanuatu 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Venezuela 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Vietnam -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Virgin Islands -8.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Wallis and Futuna NA migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia (2006 est.)

West Bank 2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Yemen 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Zambia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Zimbabwe 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2006 est.)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2113 Geography - note

Afghanistan landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)

Akrotiri British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus

Albania strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)

Algeria second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)

American Samoa Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean

Andorra landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees

Angola the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Anguilla the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles

Antarctica the coldest, windiest, highest (on average), and driest continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period; mostly uninhabitable

Antigua and Barbuda Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor

Arctic Ocean major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months

Argentina second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere

Armenia landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range

Aruba a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983

Atlantic Ocean major chokepoints include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean

Australia world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea breeze known as the "Fremantle Doctor" affects the city of Perth on the west coast, and is one of the most consistent winds in the world

Austria landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

Azerbaijan both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked

Bahamas, The strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited

Bahrain close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean

Baker Island treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife

Bangladesh most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal

Barbados easternmost Caribbean island

Bassas da India the islands emerge from a circular reef that sits atop a long-extinct, submerged volcano

Belarus landlocked; glacial scouring accounts for the flatness of Belarusian terrain and for its 11,000 lakes

Belgium crossroads of Western Europe; majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO

Belize only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean

Benin sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands

Bermuda consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995

Bhutan landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes

Bolivia landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru

Bosnia and Herzegovina within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro (Montenegro), and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east

Botswana landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country

Bouvet Island covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve

Brazil largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador

British Indian Ocean Territory archipelago of 55 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility

British Virgin Islands strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico

Brunei close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia

Bulgaria strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

Burkina Faso landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas

Burma strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes

Burundi landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

Cambodia a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Cameroon sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano

Canada second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border

Cape Verde strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site

Cayman Islands important location between Cuba and Central America

Central African Republic landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa

Chad landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

Chile strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions

China world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US); Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak

Christmas Island located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean

Clipperton Island reef 12 km in circumference

Cocos (Keeling) Islands islands are thickly covered with coconut palms and other vegetation

Colombia only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

Comoros important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel

Congo, Democratic Republic of the straddles equator; has very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands

Congo, Republic of the about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them

Cook Islands the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands, where most of the population lives, consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles, including the largest, Rarotonga, at 67 sq km

Coral Sea Islands important nesting area for birds and turtles

Costa Rica four volcanoes, two of them active, rise near the capital of San Jose in the center of the country; one of the volcanoes, Irazu, erupted destructively in 1963-65

Cote d'Ivoire most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated

Croatia controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; the vast majority of Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Cuba largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles

Cyprus the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)

Czech Republic landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe

Denmark controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen

Dhekelia British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus

Djibouti strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa

Dominica known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world

Dominican Republic shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti

East Timor Timor comes from the Malay word for "East"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands

Ecuador Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world

Egypt controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees

El Salvador smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea

Equatorial Guinea insular and continental regions widely separated

Eritrea strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993

Estonia the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands

Ethiopia landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean

Europa Island wildlife sanctuary

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season

Faroe Islands archipelago of 17 inhabited islands and one uninhabited island, and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands

Fiji includes 332 islands; approximately 110 are inhabited

Finland long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain

France largest West European nation

French Polynesia includes five archipelagoes (4 volcanic, 1 coral); Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru

French Southern and Antarctic Lands islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean

Gabon a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity

Gambia, The almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa

Gaza Strip strategic strip of land along Mideast-North African trade routes has experienced an incredibly turbulent history; the town of Gaza itself has been besieged countless times in its history

Georgia strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them

Germany strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea

Ghana Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake

Gibraltar strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

Glorioso Islands the islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system

Greece strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands

Greenland dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap

Grenada the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada

Guam largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean

Guatemala no natural harbors on west coast

Guernsey large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port

Guinea the Niger and its important tributary the Milo have their sources in the Guinean highlands

Guinea-Bissau this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying further inland

Guyana the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively

Haiti shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)

Holy See (Vatican City) landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)

Honduras has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast

Hong Kong more than 200 islands

Howland Island almost totally covered with grasses, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; small area of trees in the center; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife

Hungary landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions

Iceland strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe

Iles Eparses Bassas da India: the atoll is a circular reef that sits atop a long-extinct, submerged volcano Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island: wildlife sanctuary for seabirds and sea turtles Glorioso Islands: the islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system Tromelin Island: climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones in the western Indian Ocean; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises)

India dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes; Kanchenjunga, third tallest mountain in the world, lies on the border with Nepal

Indian Ocean major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait

Indonesia archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean

Iran strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport

Iraq strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the Persian Gulf

Ireland strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 100 km of Dublin

Isle of Man one small islet, the Calf of Man, lies to the southwest, and is a bird sanctuary

Israel there are 242 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank, 42 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 0 in the Gaza Strip, and 29 in East Jerusalem (August 2005 est.); Sea of Galilee is an important freshwater source

Italy strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe

Jamaica strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal

Jan Mayen barren volcanic island with some moss and grass

Japan strategic location in northeast Asia

Jarvis Island sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife

Jersey largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier

Johnston Atoll strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; a former US nuclear weapons test site; site of now-closed Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); most facilities dismantled and cleanup complete in 2004; some low-growing vegetation

Jordan strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba and as the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the occupied West Bank

Juan de Nova Island wildlife sanctuary

Kazakhstan landlocked; Russia leases approximately 6,000 sq km of territory enclosing the Baykonur Cosmodrome; in January 2004, Kazakhstan and Russia extended the lease to 2050

Kenya the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value

Kingman Reef barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public

Kiribati 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru

Korea, North strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia; mountainous interior is isolated and sparsely populated

Korea, South strategic location on Korea Strait

Kuwait strategic location at head of Persian Gulf

Kyrgyzstan landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes

Laos landlocked; most of the country is mountainous and thickly forested; the Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand

Latvia most of the country is composed of fertile, low-lying plains, with some hills in the east

Lebanon Nahr el Litani is the only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity

Lesotho landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 meters above sea level

Liberia facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture

Libya more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert

Liechtenstein along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation

Lithuania fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits

Luxembourg landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world

Macau essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges

Macedonia landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

Madagascar world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel

Malawi landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature

Malaysia strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea

Maldives 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean

Mali landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan

Malta the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration

Marshall Islands Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is used as a US missile test range; island city of Ebeye is the second largest settlement in the Marshall Islands, after the capital of Majuro, and one of the most densely populated locations in the Pacific

Mauritania most of the population concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country

Mauritius the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs

Mayotte part of Comoro Archipelago; 18 islands

Mexico strategic location on southern border of US; corn (maize), one of the world's major grain crops, is thought to have originated in Mexico

Micronesia, Federated States of four major island groups totaling 607 islands

Midway Islands a coral atoll managed as a national wildlife refuge and open to the public for wildlife-related recreation in the form of wildlife observation and photography, sport fishing, snorkeling, and scuba diving; the refuge is temporarily closed for reorganization at present (2004)

Moldova landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone

Monaco second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban

Mongolia landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia

Montenegro strategic location along the Adriatic coast

Montserrat the island is entirely volcanic in origin and comprised of three major volcanic centers of differing ages

Morocco strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar

Mozambique the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country

Namibia first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip

Nauru Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator

Navassa Island strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock but with enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig-like trees, scattered cactus

Nepal landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga - the world's tallest and third tallest - on the borders with China and India respectively

Netherlands located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)

Netherlands Antilles the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao)

New Caledonia consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls

New Zealand about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world

Nicaragua largest country in Central America; contains the largest freshwater body in Central America, Lago de Nicaragua

Niger landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture

Nigeria the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea

Niue one of world's largest coral islands

Norfolk Island most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated

Northern Mariana Islands strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean

Norway about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in the world

Oman strategic location on Musandam Peninsula adjacent to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil

Pacific Ocean the major chokepoints are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean

Pakistan controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

Palau westernmost archipelago in the Caroline chain, consists of six island groups totaling more than 300 islands; includes World War II battleground of Beliliou (Peleliu) and world-famous rock islands

Palmyra Atoll about 50 islets covered with dense vegetation, coconut trees, and balsa-like trees up to 30 meters tall

Panama strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean

Papua New Guinea shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast

Paracel Islands composed of 130 small coral islands and reefs divided into the northeast Amphitrite Group and the western Crescent Group

Paraguay landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in southern part of country

Peru shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River

Philippines the Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands; favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait

Pitcairn Islands Britain's most isolated dependency; only the larger island of Pitcairn is inhabited but it has no port or natural harbor; supplies must be transported by rowed longboat from larger ships stationed offshore

Poland historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain

Portugal Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Puerto Rico important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north

Qatar strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits

Romania controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine

Russia largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in relation to major sea lanes of the world; despite its size, much of the country lacks proper soils and climates (either too cold or too dry) for agriculture; Mount El'brus is Europe's tallest peak

Rwanda landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural

Saint Helena Saint Helena harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns; Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha is the highest island mountain in the South Atlantic and a prominent landmark on the sea lanes around southern Africa

Saint Kitts and Nevis with coastlines in the shape of a baseball bat and ball, the two volcanic islands are separated by a three-km-wide channel called The Narrows; on the southern tip of long, baseball bat-shaped Saint Kitts lies the Great Salt Pond; Nevis Peak sits in the center of its almost circular namesake island and its ball shape complements that of its sister island

Saint Lucia the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean

Saint Pierre and Miquelon vegetation scanty

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is comprised of 32 islands and cays

Samoa occupies an almost central position within Polynesia

San Marino landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

Sao Tome and Principe the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous

Saudi Arabia extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal

Senegal westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal

Serbia controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East

Seychelles 41 granitic and about 75 coralline islands

Sierra Leone rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa

Singapore focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes

Slovakia landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys

Slovenia despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

Solomon Islands strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea

Somalia strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal

South Africa South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia

Southern Ocean the major chokepoint is the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica; the Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) is the best natural definition of the northern extent of the Southern Ocean; it is a distinct region at the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that separates the very cold polar surface waters to the south from the warmer waters to the north; the Front and the Current extend entirely around Antarctica, reaching south of 60 degrees south near New Zealand and near 48 degrees south in the far South Atlantic coinciding with the path of the maximum westerly winds

Spain strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Spratly Islands strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs

Sri Lanka strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes

Sudan largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries

Suriname smallest independent country on South American continent; mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna that, for the most part, is increasingly threatened by new development; relatively small population, mostly along the coast

Svalbard northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; site of future seed repository under construction by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government

Swaziland landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa

Sweden strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Switzerland landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps

Syria there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 2005 est.)

Taiwan strategic location adjacent to both the Taiwan Strait and the Luzon Strait

Tajikistan landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Tanzania Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the southwest

Thailand controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore

Togo the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna

Tokelau consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level

Tonga archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)

Trinidad and Tobago Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt

Tromelin Island climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises)

Tunisia strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration

Turkey strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country

Turkmenistan landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau

Turks and Caicos Islands about 40 islands (eight inhabited)

Tuvalu one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon

Uganda landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers

Ukraine strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe

United Arab Emirates strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil

United Kingdom lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters

United States world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Mt. McKinley is highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference Kingman Reef: barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public Midway Islands: a coral atoll managed as a national wildlife refuge and open to the public for wildlife-related recreation in the form of wildlife observation and photography Palmyra Atoll: the high rainfall and resulting lush vegetation make the environment of this atoll unique among the US Pacific Island territories; it supports one of the largest remaining undisturbed stands of Pisonia beach forest in the Pacific

Uruguay second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising

Uzbekistan along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world

Vanuatu a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes

Venezuela on major sea and air routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's highest waterfall

Vietnam extending 1,650 km north to south, the country is only 50 km across at its narrowest point

Virgin Islands important location along the Anegada Passage - a key shipping lane for the Panama Canal; Saint Thomas has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the Caribbean

Wake Island strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights

Wallis and Futuna both island groups have fringing reefs

West Bank landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 242 West Bank settlements and 29 East Jerusalem settlements in addition to at least 20 occupied outposts (August 2005 est.)

Western Sahara the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas

World the world is now thought to be about 4.55 billion years old, just about one-third of the 13-billion-year age estimated for the universe

Yemen strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes

Zambia landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2115 Political pressure groups and leaders

Afghanistan

Albania Citizens Advocacy Office [Kreshnik SPAHIU]; Confederation of Trade Unions of Albania or KSSH [Kastriot MUCO]; Front for Albanian National Unification or FBKSH [Gafur ADILI]; Mjaft Movement [Erion VELIAJ]; Omonia [Jani JANI]; Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim KALAJA]

Algeria The Algerian Human Rights League or LADH or LADDH [Yahia Ali ABDENOUR]; SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR]; Somoud [Ali MERABET]

American Samoa NA

Andorra NA

Angola Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE] note: FLEC's small-scale, highly factionalized armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province has largely ended

Anguilla NA

Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]

Argentina Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Confederation or CRA (small to medium landowners' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); business organizations; Central of Argentine Workers or CTA (a radical union for employed and unemployed workers); General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Peronist-dominated labor movement; Piquetero groups (popular protest organizations that can be either pro or anti-government); Roman Catholic Church; students

Armenia Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN]

Aruba NA

Austria Austrian Trade Union Federation (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic) or OeGB; Federal Economic Chamber; OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action; three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, and farmers and other non-government organizations in the areas of environment and human rights