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Other scenes represented as taking place in the spirit land, are most grotesque and silly and would be taken as a burlesque upon Spiritualism, were they not put forth in all gravity by the friends and advocates of that so-called new revelation. Thus Judge Edmunds, giving an account of what he had seen in the spirit world, mentions the case of an old woman busy churning, who promised him, if he would call again, a drink of buttermilk; he speaks of men fighting, of courtezans trying to continue their lewd conduct; of a mischievous boy who split a dog's tail open, and put a stick in it, just to witness its misery; of the owner of the dog, who, attracted by its cries, discovered the cause, and beat the boy, who fled, but was pursued and beaten and kicked far up the road. See Edmund's "Spiritualism," Vol. II, pp. 135-144, 181, 182, 186, 189. Surely here are the diakka playing their pranks in all their glory.
Miscellaneous Teaching.
On the leading points of faith as held by Christians generally, quotations have been given to show sufficiently what the spirits teach, and the object they are trying to effect. But the reader will be interested to learn what they teach on some other points which incidentally appear in their communications.
Spiritualists object most strenuously to the idea of unconsciousness in death, or to the Bible declaration, "The dead know not anything." But the spirits themselves teach this very thing. Thus Judge Edmunds, Vol. II, Appendix B, p. 524, quotes the confession of a spirit that he was totally unconscious for a time, he could not tell how long, and awoke to consciousness gradually; and that the state of unconsciousness differs with different persons, depending on circumstances. A. J. Davis admits that Professor Webster was eight days and a half unconscious.—_"_Death and the After Life,_"_ pp. 18, 19._
Through Mrs. Conant, medium, in Banner of Light, June 3, 1865, we have this information: "It is said that some spirits require a thousand years to awake to consciousness. Is this true?—Yes, this is true." In "Automatic Writing," p. 93, the spirits teach the same thing to-day. If others deny such statements, it only shows that their testimony is contradictory and therefore unreliable.
Again, the Bible doctrine that the incorrigibly wicked must cease from conscious existence, is denounced by Spiritualists; but on this point the spirits confess also:—
"Ques.—Do I understand you to say that a diakka is one who believes in ultimate annihilation?
"_Ans._—Only yesterday one said to a lady medium, signing himself 'Swedenborg,' this: 'Whatsoever is, has been, will be, or may be, _that_ I AM, and private life is but the aggregative phantasms of thinking throblets rushing in their rising onward to the central heart of eternal death.'—_"_Diakka_"_ p. 11._
"Q.—Does every human being continue life on higher planes?
"A.—Shall not all who are abortions die?"
"Q.—Do you mean that some born on this plane may spiritually die from lack of force to persist?
"_A._—Yes—both women and men are born into the divine humanity who must necessarily perish, because they have not sufficient soul strength to persist."—_"_Automatic Writing,_"_ pp. 101, 102._
There is, it seems, a purgatory in the spirit world. In answer to a question, a spirit replied:—
"There is a sphere in spirit life allotted to those who leave the earthly plane in spiritual ignorance, which is not pleasing to dwell upon, yet which is absolutely necessary to spiritual soul growth."—Id., p. 90.
Spiritualism is claimed to settle the question of immortality; but the spirits confess themselves ignorant of it:—
"Ques.—On your plane do you arrive at certainty in regard to immortality?
"Ans.—We here are as ignorant as you are as to the ultimate of existence. Immortality is still an undetermined issue. One life at a time seems as pertinent with us as with you."—Id., p. 103.
The spirits' heaven, it seems, is not so desirable a place that it prevents their being homesick.
"Ques.—Why are you homesick?
"Ans.—Have not found out the real reason; things are so different from former ideas."—Id., p. 111.
Spirits are not allowed to tell too much about their condition, as the following question and answer show:—
"Ques.—Can't you tell us what makes it pleasanter,—describe so we can understand?
"Ans.—You'll find out as I did—'gainst the rules here to tell.... Just be patient—it's all easy enough when you learn how. I was puzzled, but it all seems straight enough now."—Id., p. 115.
They teach the pre-existence of souls, and the old pagan doctrines of the reincarnation of souls, and the final absorption of all into Nirvana. A spirit having answered that all had been asserted in some other form, questions and answers followed from which we quote:—
"Q.—Is that statement an intimation of the truth of reincarnation?
"A.—Souls of all who have preceded you are centered in you in spite of your childish protests. Ask not of those predecessors; for they yet live in you, and you in them.... Long ago you and I went over the ground under eminent names.... Were not we together when Socrates and Aspasia talked?"—Id., pp. 151, 152.
"Q.—Can you tell us, at least, whether spirit, as a whole or in its individual atoms, exists eternally?
"A.—Yes; spirit as a whole is eternal—exists—did exist—by force of Powers you cannot understand. But you as individual, self-conscious, atomistic particles of spirit wholeness, are not eternal, and must return to the Primal Source."—Id., p. 133.
Spirits Cannot Be Identified.
Having now sufficiently examined the teaching of the spirits, a final question arises in regard to them, whether it is possible to identify them, and determine with any absolute certainty whether they are the spirits of the particular individuals they claim to be, or even spirits of the dead at all, or not. It should be distinctly borne in mind, always, that evil angels, whose existence has been proved from the Bible, whose nature and delight is to deceive, can walk the earth unseen, imitate and personate any individual, and reveal their characteristics of thought, writing, acts, form, and features, and make so perfect a counterfeit as to defy detection. How, then, can it be told what spirit it is, even though it shows the face and features of some well-known friend? On this topic, as on preceding questions, Spiritualists themselves may produce the evidence. President Mahan ("Discussion with Tiffany and Rhen," p. 13) remarks:—
"Certain experiments have been made, in order to determine whether spirits are present. Individuals go in as inquirers, and get definite answers—in the first place, from departed spirits of persons yet living; in the second place, from departed spirits of persons who never existed here or anywhere else; in the third place, from the departed spirits of brute beasts."
When it is considered, as already noted, that spirits do their work through mesmeric power, it is easy to understand how the medium is made to believe that such and such a spirit is communicating when it is not so at all. This question of identity came up in the very early stages of Spiritualism, and is no nearer settled, on their own confession, now than then. A Mr. Hobart, in 1856, who claimed to be the first Spiritualist in Michigan, made the following admission:—
"The spirit sometimes assumes the name of an individual belonging to the same church, to induce them to hear. This is necessary with some who are so bigoted they would not believe unless a name was assumed which they respected."
An article in the Spiritual Telegraph, of July 11, 1857, begins as follows:—
"The question is continually being asked, especially by novitiates in spiritual investigations, How shall we know that the spirits who communicate with us are really the ones whom they purport to be?... In giving the results of our own experience and observation upon this subject, we would premise that spirits unquestionably can, and often do, personate other spirits, and that, too, often with such perfection as, for the time being, to defy every effort to detect the deception.... If direct tests are demanded at all, we would recommend that they be asked for the purpose of proving that the manifesting influence is that of a spirit, rather than to prove what particular spirit is the agent of its production."
This is an entire begging of the whole matter in question; for it is not denied that it is a spirit; we want to know what particular spirit it is; but for that we must not ask; for it cannot be ascertained. The same article states that other and lower spirits often crowd in and take the place of the spirit communicating, without the knowledge of the medium. We might also quote "Spiritualism as It Is," p. 14, that "not one per cent. of the manifestations have had a higher origin than the first and second spheres, which are filled with low, ignorant, deceptive, mischievous, selfish, egotistical spirits;" and "Dealings with the Dead," p. 225, that "the fact is, good spirits do not appear one tenth as often as imagined."
Jan. 7, 1888, the following appeared in the Banner of Light:—
"Ques.—What is the cause of our receiving inconsistent and untruthful communications? Does the blame, if any there is, rest with us or the controlling intelligence?
"Ans.—There are spirits who delight in imposing upon mortals; they realize their power outside of material things, and that those who seek knowledge from them cannot see nor get hold of them; therefore to an extent they exercise a certain power over those mortals who approach; and if the mortals are themselves tricky by nature, insincere, ready to take advantage of others, whether it be at the time of sitting or in their daily life, rest assured they may be imposed upon by spirits from the other side who occupy a like plane of existence with themselves."
Mediums themselves will not trust the spirits, according to statements made as late as 1896. Mrs. S. A. Underwood, medium, in "Automatic Writing," p. 55, says:—
"With all my experience in it, I would not to-day venture upon any change, business venture, friendship, or line of conduct, advised from this source, unless my own common material sense endorsed it. Indeed, I would not take as fact any of its even reasonable advice without question, because it is not reliable as a guide in earthly affairs."
Spirit communication, then, certainly does not amount to much as a heavenly instructor, a celestial guide to enlighten the ignorance of men. Whatever we know ourselves, we may rely upon; all else is uncertain. Again, on p. 56, she says:—
"Then the assumption of great names by apparently common-place minds is a very strange thing. I was horrified and annoyed when this occurred under my own hand, because that is one of the things which disgusted me with spiritual messages before this writing came to me, as I had occasionally glanced over such messages. When I protested against such assumption, I was told that 'Elaine and Guinevere' were not real beings, but types. So somewhere in our sphere are spirits who embody cleverness in creations of their own fancy, and adopt names suited to that fancy."
Thus the spirits themselves confess that the names they often assume are not those of real beings, but typical and fanciful. Nothing more, it would seem, is necessary to complete the condemnation of Spiritualism, so far as its own nature is concerned. When in addition to all else, it appears that the spirits cannot be identified; that the whole underlying claim that the spirits are the spirits of the dead, must itself be assumed; and that, too, in the face of the numberless known falsehoods and deceptions that are constantly issuing from the unseen realm,—there is nothing left for it to stand upon.
Chapter Six.
ITS PROMISES: HOW FULFILLED.
It is fair to call Spiritualism to account as to the fulfilment of the promises involved in its challenge to the world when it stepped upon the stage of action. No movement ever opened with more magnificent promises. It posed before the world as an angel of heavenly light. It claimed to be the second coming of Christ. It claimed to have been sent to regenerate mankind, and renovate the world. We give herewith a few of its spirit-inspired pretensions. Its "Declaration of Principles," Article 20, says:—
"The hearty and intelligent convictions of these truths [the teachings of spirits] tend to energize the soul in all that is good and elevating, and to restrain from all that is evil and impure, ... to quicken all philanthropic impulses, stimulating to enlightened and unselfish labors for universal good."
In behalf of the cause of woman it says:—
"Spiritualism has done more for the advancement of true womanhood than the Church or any of its accessories."—Dr. Watson, in Banner of Light, April 16, 1887.
Miss A. L. Lull, in the Religio-Philosophical Journal of Jan. 23, 1886, said:—
"Spiritualism is the saviour of humanity, because it is reaching out toward the criminal, and in its effort to lift humanity to a higher plane, it is laying the foundation for future generations.... Spiritualism comes to cleanse out the dregs and wretchedness of humanity."
Mrs. Cora L. V. Richmond, in a mediumistic discourse reported in the Banner of Light, April 3, 1886, said:—
"The Great Reformer of the world is Spiritualism.... When modern Spiritualism made its appearance, it said in so many words, I come to reform the world.... Spiritualism came to put the ax at the root of the tree of human evil, it came to decide upon the most important and vital thing connected with existence; i. e., Is man only an evanescent, material, earthly being, or is he immortal?... Spiritualism came to reform death, to resolve it into life; came to reform fear, to resolve it into trust and knowledge; came to reform the darkness which rests upon humanity concerning the nature of man's existence."
In the same paper, April 6, 1887, was given the following prediction of the future of Spiritualism:—
"Modern Spiritualism will grow, and deepen, and broaden, and strengthen, until all false creeds and dogmas shall be swept from the earth—when faith shall be buried in knowledge, when war shall be known no more, when universal brotherhood shall prevail to bless mankind."
In "Nineteenth Century Miracles," p. 79, M. Jaubert speaks as follows:—
"Affirm to your people that man never dies, that his immortality is proved, not by books but by material and tangible facts, of which every one can convince himself; that anon our houses of correction, and our prisons, will disappear; suicide will be erased from our mortuary tables; and nobly borne, the calamities of earth shall no longer produce madness."
Mrs. R. S. Lillie, in a speech at the Thirty-eighth Anniversary services in Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass., and reported in the Banner of Light, of April, 1886, said:—
"Christianity never had a Pentecost to be compared with modern Spiritualism. The latter is as far in advance of the former, as the electric light is in advance of the tallow dip of the past; for it is nineteen centuries ahead of it."
These are most astounding claims; and if there is any truth in them, Spiritualism ought to have shown itself as a great uplifting moral power, provided it has been able to get any foothold among the people. We therefore inquire what its success has been. On this point Professor Keck, at the Thirty-ninth Anniversary of Modern Spiritualism, at Bridgeport, Conn. (Banner of Light, April 9, 1887), said:—
"It [Spiritualism] has made converts of more scientific men and profound thinkers than any other sect in the world. In thirty-nine years it has grown to ten or fifteen millions of believers, with thousands of mediums, a literature printed in every known language, and converts in every quarter of the globe."
With all these facilities and all this success, it surely has been able to make good its claims, and fulfil its promises, if its nature is such as it assumes, and its promises are good for anything; and its course should be marked by a great decrease of crime, by the promotion of virtue and a general improvement in the moral tone of society, wherever it has gone. For nearly fifty years it has now been operating in the world; and with all its glowing professions of what it was able to do, and its millions of converts, "energized to all that is good and elevating," its impress for good should everywhere be seen.
But what are the facts?—Just the reverse of what has been promised. Free love, which is free lust, has followed in its wake; homes have been ruined, families scattered, characters blighted; while insanity and suicide have been the fate, or the last resort, of too many of its victims. And outside of its own ranks, in the world at large, the fifty years since the advent of Spiritualism have been years of increase of crime and every evil in a fast growing ratio. Liquor drinking, tobacco using, gambling, prostitution, defalcations, robberies, bribery, municipal corruption, divorces, thefts, insanity, suicide, and murder, have increased in far more rapid ratio than the population itself.
The reader will remember the testimony of Dr. Randolph, p. 105, that five of his friends destroyed themselves, and he attempted it for himself, by direct spirit influences. The Philadelphia Record, of Feb. 17, 1894, speaks of the suicide of May Brooklyn in San Francisco, Cal.:—
"The letters and papers left by the dead woman show plainly that in her grief over the death of Lovecraft she had dabbled in Spiritualism, and had finally reached the conclusion that her only chance of happiness lay in joining her lover in the other world."
A few figures, as samples, will be given just to emphasize the general statements. The following is from the Chicago Tribune of Jan. 1, 1893:—
"The number of persons who have committed suicide in the United States during the year (1892), as gathered from telegraph and mail report to the Tribune, is 3860, as compared with 3331 last year (1891), 2640 in 1890, and 2224 in 1889. The total is much larger than that of any of the eleven preceding years."
The Christian Reformer gives the following figures of murders, suicides, and embezzlements from 1891-1893:—
"Murders in 1893, 6615; increase over 1891 of 709.
"Suicides in 1893, 4436; increase over 1892, 576; 1891, 1105.
"Funds embezzled in 1893, $19,929,692; increase of 100 per cent. over 1892."
It may be asked, What has this to do with Spiritualism?—It is a test of the value of its promises. Spiritualism has been posing for fifty years as the "world's reformer," the great energizing, uplifting force to elevate mankind, the mighty power which has come to empty our workhouses and prisons, abolish suicides and all crime, the "electric light" compared with the "tallow dip" of the gospel. And yet with all these claims, with its millions of adherents, and the funds and influence at its command, it is allowing, year by year, crime to increase much faster than the population. Now if Spiritualism was the purifying, renovating power which it claims to be, such results could not have been seen. It is very evident, that, as a power in the world in behalf of righteousness and humanity, it has been of no account; and as between the forces of good and evil, its weight has been on the side of evil instead of good. It is thus that the author of Spiritualism, the father of deception, fulfils the promises made through that channel to deceive mankind. What organized, aggressive efforts against evil has Spiritualism ever shown? Where are its schools and colleges? Where are its hospitals and benevolent institutions? Where are its organized charities? and what are its millions of members doing to relieve suffering and distress, and turn men to better ways of living? The very aspect it presents to the world to-day, stamps the brand of Cain upon its brow. The Boston Herald of Dec. 17, 1874, said:—
"Let Spiritualism produce some idea, utter some word, or perform some deed, which will have novelty, and yet be of manifest value to the human race, and it will make good its claims to our serious consideration. But it has not done this. For nearly thirty years it has been before the world in its present shape, and in all that time, with all its asserted command of earthly and superterrestrial knowledge, it has never done an act, or breathed a syllable, or supplied an idea which had any value as a contribution to the welfare of the race, or to its stock of knowledge. Its messages from learned men who are dead, have been the silliest bosh; its stories about life upon the planets are wretched guesses, many of which can be proved false by the astronomer; its visions have frightened scores of people into madhouses, and made semi-lunatics of hundreds of others."
If this charge was good as late as 1874, it is equally so at the present time. And thus are we forced to the conclusion that Spiritualism, judged by the light of its fair promises, is one of the most lamentable of delusions, and most stupendous of failures.
Chapter Seven.
SPIRITUALISM A SUBJECT OF PROPHECY.
We come now to one of the most timely and important features of this whole subject; for God in his word has foretold and forewarned the world of the movement here passing under review. He has made known the time when it should appear, the character it would bear, and the work it is to do. He has also connected this with the great event of all-overshadowing importance to this world, of which it is a startling sign and sure precursor; namely, the second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. We ask the special attention of the reader to this part of the subject.
A word of digression may be allowed as to the place which prophecy holds in the word of God. Prophecy is that feature of the sacred volume which constitutes it a lamp to our feet and a light to our path. Ps. 119:105; 2 Peter 1:19. It is that which enables that word to be a guide to the hosts of Israel through the weary journey and the gloomy shades of time, giving to every era its "present truth," and showing the progress of the slow-revolving ages toward the great consummation. It is the golden credential which the Bible holds up to the world of its genuineness and authenticity.
Prophecy is peculiar to the Christian Scriptures. No other so-called sacred books contain this feature. It is not found in the Vedas, Shasters, or Puranas of the Hindus, nor the Zend Avestas of the Parsees, nor the Kojiki Nohonki, of the Shintos of Japan, nor the law books of Manu, nor the Koran of the Mohammedans, nor the Kan-Ying-Peen or Tao-Te-King of the Chinese, nor the Tripitakas of the Buddhists. The reason is obvious. Neither the minds of men nor of angels, either good or bad, can read the future. Divine omniscience alone can see the end from the beginning and foretell the great events that shall mark the history of the world, and affect the interests of the church. It is this that stamps the Bible as divine, and lifts it immeasurably above all other books. It is indeed passing strange that all cannot see this. Instead of being a book that grows obsolete and out of date with the passing years, like the productions of men, it is the only book ever seen upon the earth which is ever abreast of the times in every age, and lifts the veil of the future before him who honestly and reverently seeks its pages for a knowledge of the truth. Those who ignore or despise the prophecies, rob the Bible of one of the brightest stars in its crown of glory.
To be entitled to claim credit as divine, any book or system should be able to show that it can correctly foretell the future. The spirits see this, and, knowing that they cannot do it, discountenance and discourage all such efforts. Here is a little of their teaching on the subject:—
"Ques.—Why are so many predictions made through mediums, which prove false?
"Ans.—Wonderful guesses are sometimes made by daring spirits.
"Q.—Can you tell us anything of the future?
"A.—Pharos says you must not ask questions of the future—spirits who prophesy are not good spirits.
"Q.—Do you mean that it is not best for us to know the future?
"_A._—Souls on your plane are undergoing discipline, and it would cost more than it is worth to foretell the future of your state."—_"_Automatic Writing,_"_ pp. 141, 142._
Spiritualists rail at God for prohibiting from Adam and Eve, in the garden, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, to keep them in ignorance. What will they say to these spirits who coolly answer that "it would cost more than it is worth" to give them any knowledge of future events? This, perhaps, they will consider all right because it isn't God who says it.
1. Let us then see what God has said of the time and work and significance of Spiritualism. Over seven hundred years before Christ, the prophet Isaiah wrote of our time, as follows: "And when they shall say unto you, Seek unto them that have familiar spirits, and unto wizards that peep and that mutter, should not a people seek unto their God? for the living to the dead? To the law and to the testimony; if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them."
Here is certainly a prophecy that a time would come when just such a work as Spiritualism is now doing would be a distinguishing feature of the age. The present must be the time referred to, because it has never been so in any past age; and the present meets the specifications in every particular. It shows that the only safety for any one now is to seek unto his God, and make the law and the testimony, the word of God, the great standard by which to try all spirits. 1 John 4:1. And another great event is directly connected with this, that is, the second coming of Christ; for according to verses 16-18, the disciples are then looking for him.
2. Matt. 24:24: "For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect."
A deception of no ordinary power is here brought to view. It really results in the division of Christendom; for all but the elect are carried away by it. In its own claims, Spiritualism fulfils the "Christs" and "prophets" part of the declaration, claiming of course to be true, while the Bible says it is "false." The signs and wonders are beginning to be seen in the many "inexplicable" phenomena attending Spiritualism. But many more startling exhibitions, as will be presently shown, are yet to appear. We charge upon Spiritualism, so far, the fulfilment of this prophecy. But mark! this occurs when the Son of man is about to appear "as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west" (verse 27); and it is one of the prominent signs of that event. See the prophecy from verse 23 to verse 35. Mark and Luke also dwell upon the same prediction, as gathered from the lips of our Lord himself.
3. Heb. 10:28, 29: "He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses. Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?"
It is the bold stand which Spiritualism has taken against Christ and the atonement, that makes this scripture applicable to that work. The apostle is speaking of the times when the great "day is approaching" (verse 25); when it is but a little while, and he that shall come, will come and will not tarry (verse 37), and the introduction of verse 29, in such a connection, becomes a prophecy that such an outbreak against Christ and his atoning work would be seen when he is about to come again. And the fulfilment we are now beholding in Spiritualism.
4. Rev. 12:12: "Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time."
This scripture locates itself. It is when Satan knows that he has but a little time to work, and hence it must be in the last days. At this time he descends upon the world in an avalanche of wrath. "Wrath" is a misleading term. The words θυμόν μέγαν signify the strongest and most intense emotion of the mind. If the object is to accomplish some particular end, they would indicate the most intense, concentrated, energetic, and persistent efforts to that purpose, using every means, and bringing to bear every influence to reach the result in question. Satan, as we have seen, has an object in deceiving the human family, as far as possible, to their destruction, by signs and wonders. In this work, according to the prophecy before us, he will go to the extent of his power, and show his most potent signs. Bringing the supposed forms and features of the dead before living witnesses, is his most successful method at the present time. But as this work is, as yet, done largely in the dark, it gives more room for jugglery and imposition. The time will come, however, when, in open light, counterfeit materializations of the dead will swarm on earth, and deceive, if it were possible, the very elect—i.e., all who cannot meet the deception with the potent weapon—"It is written, The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a portion forever [in the present state of things] in anything that is done under the sun."
5. Rev. 13:13, 14: "And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men, and deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do."
This prophecy relates to some earthly government represented by a symbol with two horns like a lamb. Verse 11. It is part of a prophecy beginning with chapter twelve, and ending with verse 5 of chapter fourteen. It is not the place here to introduce an exposition of this prophecy. It is only necessary to state that the position taken is that the lamblike symbol represents our own government, the United States of America.(4) And the great wonders that he does, apply to the marvelous manifestations of Spiritualism. It is a significant fact that Spiritualism arose in this country, thus fitting itself exactly to the prophecy. The climax of the wonders brought to view in the text, making "fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men," has not yet been reached. More is therefore to be developed. Yea, this wonder-working power is to go forward till that which, in the time of Elijah, was the test between the false god Baal and the Lord Jehovah, is brought to pass, and fire is made to come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men. And the sad feature of this case will be that the multitudes, not perceiving the change of issue, will take the act down here to be a test of truth, as it was in the days of Elijah.
Taken in connection with other portions of the book of Revelation, this prophecy reveals clearly what the agency that works the miracles is. The dragon, representing paganism (Rev. 12:3, 4); the beast, representing the papacy (Rev. 13:1-10); and the lamblike symbol, representing Protestantism, or more specifically, Protestant America (Rev. 13:11-17), constitute the symbols of this prophecy. For convenience, let us designate them as A, B, and C; respectively. C works his miracles in sight of B; B and C are again brought to view in Rev. 19:20, and there C is called "the false prophet." We know the false prophet here is the same as C, because he works miracles before B, the same as C does in chapter 13:14. All together, A, B, and C are brought to view in Rev. 16:13, and unclean spirits like frogs are said to come out of their mouths; and then verse 14 tells what they are: "For they are spirits of devils, working miracles." This, then, not the spirits of dead men, is the agency that works the miracles of chapter 13:13, 14. We follow the subject so far, at this point, merely to identify the agency that works the miracles, and shall have more to say upon it. But before passing, we would remind the reader that here also the subject is connected with the second coming of Christ; for the prophecy of Revelation 13 ends with the redemption of the church which immediately follows. Rev. 14:1-5.
6. 2 Thess. 2:9-12: "Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan, with all power and signs and lying wonders, and with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: that they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness."
Here, again, we have the great fact brought out with still more startling emphasis, that there is to be a great outbreaking of Satanic power among men, just before and up to, the coming of Christ. And if we already see the preliminary and even far-advanced working of this power in Spiritualism, the world should stand aghast at the perils of the times in which we live. The coming of Christ is brought to view in verse 8, and verse 9 states that at that time Satan will be working with all power. The common version is calculated to obscure this passage. The words "even him" (verse 9) are wrongly and unnecessarily supplied. Literally rendered, the last clause of verse 8, and the first of verse 9 would read as follows: "Whom the Lord ... shall destroy with the brightness of his [Christ's] coming; of whom [Christ] the coming is, after [or at the time of] the working of Satan," etc. The word "after" is from, the Greek κατα (kata), which when referring to time, as in this case, does not mean "after or according to," but "within the range of, during, in the course of, at, about," as in 2 Tim. 4:1, where it is rendered "at."
So here is a plain declaration that at the very time when Christ comes Satan will be working in the hight of his power, by signs and lying wonders (wonders to prove a lie) to keep the people under falsehood and deception. Verses 10-12 tell who his victims are, and why they become such: they are those who preferred the pleasures of sin to the practice of righteousness, and so would not receive the truth, nor the love of it. In all such cases God's throne is clear. He always, as in this case, sets truth first before the people, gives them a chance, and calls upon them to embrace it, and be saved. But when men, as free moral agents, whom God will not force into his kingdom, refuse to receive the truth, shut their eyes, close their ears, and steel their hearts against it, and find their pleasure in unrighteousness, in going in just the opposite direction;—what can God do for them? We leave the skeptic himself to answer. For more years than Spiritualism, in its present phase, has been before the world, several religious bodies have made a specialty of the great Bible truth concerning the state of the dead, and life only in Christ, which effectually shields all those who receive it against the rapping delusion.
7. Rev. 18:2: "And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird."
Among the many predictions given in the word of God touching the last days, is one which foretokens a wide-spread and lamentable declension in the religious world. The phrase which embodies it, is the one just quoted, "Babylon is fallen." The term "Babylon" is not intended nor used as a term of reproach, but rather as a descriptive word setting forth the very undesirable condition of "mixture" and "confusion" in the religious world. It is certainly not the Lord's will, who prayed that all his people should be one, that scores or hundreds of divisions and sects should exist within his church. That is owing, exclaims the Catholic, to the Protestant rule of private judgment. It is not. It is owing to that Pandora's box of mystical interpretation placed in the church by old Origen, that prince of mischief-makers. By this method, which has no method and no standard, the interpretations of God's word will ever be as various and numerous as the whims and fancies that may find a place in the minds of men.
But all this confusion must be remedied in that church which will be ready for the second advent; for no people will be prepared for translation but such as worship the Lord in both spirit and truth. To bring the church to this point, a call has been sent to Christendom in the special truths for this time. Most turn away, but some are taking the stand to which these circumstances summon them. The process is simple. It is but to read and obey God's word in the light of what is called the literal rule of interpretation. No other rule would ever have been thought of, if the Devil had let the minds of men alone. By this rule the true Sabbath would always have been maintained a perfect safeguard against idolatry in the earth; the law would have held its place as a perfect, immutable, and eternal rule of conduct, a safeguard against the antinomianism of all ages and the Spiritualism of to-day; the view that the dead remain unconscious in the grave till the resurrection, would always have been held, and then there could have been no purgatory, no masses for the dead, no Mariolatry, no saint worship—in short, no Roman Catholicism, and no Universalism, nor Spiritualism; the true nature of the coming and kingdom of Christ would not have been lost sight of, and the peace and safety fable of a temporal millennium never could have existed.
To say nothing of other errors that would be corrected, suppose all Christendom stood together on these four simple truths, how much division could there have been in the Christian world? A second denomination could not have existed. And what would have been the condition of things?—As different from the present condition as one can well imagine—no paganism, no Roman Catholicism, no Protestantism, no multiplied sects, no Spiritualism,—but Christianity, broad, united, free, and glorious. Some are taking their stand on these truths, and so will be shielded from the delusions of these last days, for which the way, by ages of superstition and error, has been so artfully prepared. Every one must stand upon them who is governed by the literal rule of interpretation; for they are read in so many words out of the sacred volume itself. But the churches generally reject them, often with bitterness, scorn, and contempt, and some even with persecution. And this is why Babylon has fallen.
That organization, called in Rev. 17:5: "Mystery, Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth," has been very generally applied by Protestants to the Roman Catholic Church; but if that church is the mother, who are the daughters? This question has been asked for many years. Alexander Campbell said:—
"The worshiping establishments now in operation throughout Christendom, incased and cemented by their voluminous confessions of faith, and their ecclesiastical constitutions, are not churches of Jesus Christ, but the legitimate daughters of that mother of harlots—the Church of Rome."
Lorenzo Dow said:—
"We read not only of Babylon, but of the whore of Babylon, styled the mother of harlots, which is supposed to mean the Romish church. If she be a mother, who are her daughters? It must be the corrupt national established churches that came out of her."
The great sin charged against Babylon, is unlawful connection with the kings of the earth. The church should be entirely free from the state. But now the churches of America, which have for long years borne so noble a part, are clamoring for a union with the state, calling for a recognition of God's name in the Constitution, and God's law in the courts, and that the government be run on Christian lines. Old, antiquated laws which they find upon the statute books of various States, they are beginning to use to persecute those who differ in belief with them; and they seek for the enactment of more stringent Sunday laws for the same purpose. And when they shall succeed in getting full control of the state, they will have severed the last link that has held them to their high estate, show themselves true members of the Babylonian family, and sink in spirit and practice to the level of the elder Rome.
Rev. 14:8 was fulfilled in 1844.(5) Since then the churches have been going down in spirituality and godliness, catering more and more to the world, indulging in carnal amusements, festivals, wife auctions, and kissing bees, to the very border line of decency, but especially filling up with the influences mentioned in Rev. 18:2, till the leaven of Spiritualism is fast penetrating the whole mass. Yet there are a multitude of God's people connected with these churches, who deplore the situation, and for whom a crisis is approaching. The cry is again to be raised, "Babylon is fallen, come out of her my people." We verily believe the time has come when that call should be made and heeded; for a little further progress in the evil path upon which we have entered, will surely provoke the just judgments of heaven. Verses 4, 5.
8. 2 Tim. 3:8: "Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith."
The first five verses of this chapter portray a dark list of eighteen sins which will characterize professed Christians in the last days; for those who bear the characters described, have a form of godliness, but deny the power thereof. The three following verses plainly describe certain members of the spiritualistic fraternity; and they are said to be of the same sort. This prophecy therefore becomes parallel to that which has just been examined. The fall of Babylon prepares the popular churches for Spiritualism. Here the practice of these sins in the churches, makes them of the same sort with Spiritualists, so that they fraternize well together. Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses by the wonders they were able to perform; so these will resist the truth through the wonders of Spiritualism. And this is in the last days where we now are. So Babylon's fall just precedes the coming of Christ.
9. Rev. 16:14: "For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty."
The work of the spirits reaches its climax in the scene here brought to view. Their last mission is to go to the kings of the earth to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. In this conflict, so far as this earth is concerned, the great controversy between Christ and Satan closes in the triumph of Him who rides forth on a white horse at the head of the white-horsed armies of heaven. The beast and false prophet are hurled into a lake of fire, and the remnant, the kings of the earth and their armies, are slain by the sword of him upon whose vesture is inscribed the all-conquering title, "King of kings and Lord of lords." Rev. 19:11-21.
But before these spirits can thus influence the kings of the earth, they must make their way to them and bring them under their control. They have already shown great facility in this work, giving promise of what they will be able to do in the near future. A work by Hudson Tuttle, "What Is Spiritualism?" p. 6, names the following among the late and living crowned heads, nobility, etc., who have been supporters of Spiritualism:—
"Emperor Alexander, of Russia; Louis Napoleon, of France; Queen Victoria, of England; Prince and Princess Metternich; Prince Wittgenstein, Lieutenant Aide-de-camp to the emperor of Russia; Hon. Alexander Axahof, Russian Imperial Councilor, St. Petersburg, Russia; Baron Guldenstuble, of Paris; Baron Von Schick, of Austria; Baron Von Dirkinck, of Holmfield, Holstein; Le Comte de Bullet, of Paris; Duke of Leuchtenberg, of Germany. Of England there are Lord Lyndhurst, Lord Lindsay, Lord Adare, Lord Dunraven, Sir W. Trevilyan, Countess Carthness, Sir T. Willshire, Lady Cowper, Sir Charles Napier, Sir Charles Isham, Bart., Colonel E. B. Wilbraham, of the English army," etc.
The late Alexander III, of Russia, and the queen of Spain are also reckoned among the number. Thus, so far as the agency of the spirits is concerned, there is nothing in the way of the speedy fulfilment of Rev. 16:14.
CONCLUSION.
The reader now has before him, in brief, the main outlines of this momentous subject.
1. Spiritualism, so far as its phenomena are concerned, is not humbug and trickery, but a real manifestation of power and intelligence.
2. But the marvels and wonders are not performed by the spirits of the dead.
3. Evil spirits step in and counterfeit what are supposed to be the spirits of the dead, in which men have been taught to believe, simulating points of identity to any minute particular that may be required.
4. Besides starting on this false assumption, all their teaching shows that they are agents of evil, not of good, and their work is to degrade, not elevate.
5. The world by long resistance of the truth, has prepared the way for this deception, which the spirit that worketh in the children of disobedience is not slow to improve.
6. Even the churches of Christ, by rejection of the truth, are preparing themselves for the same snare.
7. The Scriptures have plainly pointed out this great outbreak of the working of Satan, and invariably connected it with the last days and the second coming of Christ.
8. Spiritualism is thus a subject of prophecy, and an infallible sign and precursor of the soon-coming end.
9. The great day of the Lord is near and hasteth greatly; and all things now call upon all men to prepare for its eternal decisions.
Is this the lesson? Who will heed it and thus escape the delusions and perils of these last days, and be finally saved in the kingdom of heaven?
INDEX OF AUTHORS REFERRED TO.
Alexander, Emperor, 146
Axahof, Hon. Alexander, 146
Adare, Lord, 146
Alexander III., 146
Bellachini, Mr., 14
Barrett, Dr. W. F., 15
Bright, John, 30
Buddha, 86, 87, 88
Brittan, Professor, 111
Brooklyn, May, 128
Channing, Dr., 4
Cook, Joseph, 12
Crookes, Professor, 17
Crookes, Wm., F. R. S., 29
Clarke, Dr. Adam, 50, 56, 91, 92
Carey, Alice, 78
Confucius, 86, 88
Conant, Mrs., 90, 119
Curry, Dr., 56, 92
Claflin, Mr., 109
Carter, Judge, 113
Campbell, Alexander, 143
Carthness, Countess, 146
Cowper, Lady, 146
Dixon, Hepworth, 28
Davis, A. J., 29, 97, 100, 105, 112, 114, 118
Davenport, Messrs., 29
Dow, Lorenzo, 143
Dunraven, Lord, 146
De Bullet, Le Compte, 146
Eglinton, Mr., 13
Edmunds, Judge, 28, 117, 118
Fox, John D., 18
Fox, Mrs., 18, 19, 20, 21
Fox, Margaret, 18, 20, 22
Fox, Kate, 18, 19, 20
Fox, David, 18
Fox, Mary, 21
Fox, Catharine, 22
Franklin, Benjamin, 85
Geary, Mr., 13
Glanvil, Mr., 20
Gridley, Dr., 114, 115
Guldenstuble, Baron, 146
Hazard, Thos. R., 11
Harrison, W. H., F. R. S., 29
Home, Mr., 29
Hendricks, Mrs., 31
Hatch, Mrs. C. L. V., 83, 106
Hare, Dr., 84, 85, 89, 92, 99
Harris, "Rev." T. L., 94
Hall, Hon. J. B., 101
Hatch, Dr., 106
Hudson, T. J., 17, 57, 74, 109, 111
Hull, Moses, 109
Hobart, Mr., 122
Isham, Sir Charles, 146
Jamieson, W. F., 109, 113
Jaubert, M., 126
Keller, Harvy, 13
Krishna, 87
Keck, Professor, 127
Lillie, J. T., 21
Loveland, J. S., 97
Lull, Miss A. L., 125
Lillie, Mrs. R. S., 127
Leuchtenberg, Duke, 146
Lyndhurst, Lord, 146
Lindsay, Lord, 146
Mompesson, Mr., 20
Milton, John, 40
Mohammed, 87, 88
Massey, Gerald, 114
Mahan, Pres., 121
Metternich, Prince, 146
Metternich, Princess, 146
Norton, Deacon John, 89
Napoleon, Louis, 146
Napier, Sir Charles, 146
Owen, Robert Dale, 18, 19
Olshausen, Dr., 56
Orton, Mr., 84
Origen, 141
Putnam, Allen, 75
Paine, Thomas, 85, 87
Potter, Dr. William B., 107
Parker, Theodore, 114
Queen of Spain, 146
Redfield, Mrs., 21
Randolph, Dr. B. P., 104, 105, 112, 128
Richmond, Mrs. Cora L. V., 126
Slade, Mr., 14
Savage, M. J., 15, 22, 24, 25, 32
Stead, W. T., 31
Stanford, Leland, 31
Tiffany, Joel, 90
Tuttle, Hudson, 113, 116, 146
Trevilyan, Sir W., 146
Underhill, Leah Fox, 21
Underwood, Mrs. S. A., 26, 80, 123
Vinet, Dr., 5
Victoria, Queen, 146
Von Schick, Baron, 146
Von Dirkinck, Baron, 146
Wesley, Mr., 20
Wood, Rev. J. G., 26
Wallace, Alfred R. F. R. S., 29, 30
Weisse, Dr., 84
Washington, George, 85, 114
Wilson, R. P., 88
Whitney, J. F., 105
Woodhull, Mrs., 109
Wilson, James Victor, 112, 113
Webster, Professor, 118
Watson, Dr., 125
Wittgenstein, Prince, 146
Willshire, Sir T., 146
Wilbraham, Col. E. B., 146
Zoellner, Professor, 12, 13
Zoroaster, 68, 88
INDEX OF BOOKS, PAPERS, ETC., QUOTED.
Automatic or Spirit Writing, 15, 26, 80, 86, 98, 111, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 133
Arena, The, 15
Astounding Facts from the Spirit World, 114
Banner of Light, 21, 78, 79, 83, 84, 86, 89, 90, 97, 101, 119, 123, 125, 126, 127
Christian at Work, The, 29, 30
Chronicle, San Francisco 29
Century Dictionary, 35
Christian Reformer, The, 129
Declaration of Principles of the Spiritualists, 102, 125
Dealings with the Dead, 104, 112, 123
Death and the After Life, 118
Discussion with Tiffany and Rhen, 121
Forum, The, 16, 22
Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World, 18
Fortnightly Review, 29, 30
Home Circle, 14
Healing of the Nations, 96, 97, 99, 102
Herald, Boston, 130
Kojiki Nohonki, 132
Koran, 132
Kan-Ying-Peen, 132
Law of Physic Phenomena, 17, 57, 74, 109, 111
Life in Two Spheres, 113, 116
Law Books of Manu, 132
Mesmerism, Spiritualism, Witchcraft, and Miracles, 75
North American, Philadelphia, 11
Nineteenth Century Miracles, 13, 126
Nature of Divine Revelation, 97
Paradise Lost, 40
Pathfinder, New York, 105
Purana, 132
Quarterly Journal of Science, 29
Religio-Philosophical Journal, 14, 28, 80, 125
Report of the 37th Anniversary of Modern Spiritualism, 21
Review of Reviews, 31
Record, Philadelphia, 128
Spiritual Clarion, 14
Spiritual Telegraph, 83, 96, 122
Spiritual Science Demonstrated, 89, 92
Spiritualism as It Is, 107, 108, 123
Spiritualism 118
Shaster, 132
The Border Land, 31
Treatise on Christian Doctrine, 40
Truth Seeker, 83
Telegraphic Answer to Mahan, 111
The Diakka and their Earthly Victims, 112, 113
Tribune, Chicago, 128, 129
Tao-Te-King, 132
Tripitaka, 132
Veda, 132
World, New York, 30
What Is Spiritualism, 146
Zend Avesta, 132
INDEX OF TEXTS OF SCRIPTURE ILLUSTRATED OR EXPLAINED.
GENESIS. 1:1-5, 93 1:28, 68 2:2, 46 2:7, 45 3:4, 39 4:10, 52 7:21, 22, 45 35:18, 61
LEVITICUS. 19:31, 36, 53
NUMBERS. 16:22, 48, 50 27:16, 50
DEUTERONOMY. 13:1-3, 5, 77 18:9-12, 36
1 SAMUEL. Chap. 28, 52, 53
1 KINGS. 4:1, 73 17:21, 22, 61
2 KINGS. 19:35, 72 21:2, 6, 9, 11, 36
JOB. 7:21, 62 14:21, 63 19:25-27, 93 34: 14, 15, 45
PSALMS. 6:5, 63 13:3, 62 17:15, 93 115:17, 63 119:105, 131 146:3, 4, 62
ECCLESIASTES. 3:19, 21, 45 8:11, 101 9:5, 6, 10, 43 12:7, 44, 45
ISAIAH. 5:20, 101 8:19, 74 8:19, 20, 75, 133 14:12-14, 67 26:19, 93 38:1, 5, 18, 19, 63 61:1, 50
EZEKIEL. 18:20, 97 28:, 67 28:2, 12-15, 68 37:12, 93
DANIEL. 11:2, 93
HOSEA. 13:14, 93
HABAKKUK. 2:11, 52
MATTHEW. 10:28, 50, 51, 52 10:39, 51 15:13, 9 17:3, 56 22:23-28, 32, 61 24:23-35, 135 24:24, 83, 134 24:30, 31, 58 25:32, 33, 97 27:18, 85 28:3, 4, 72
LUKE. 10:18, 71 14:14, 64 16:, 57 19:35, 64 23:39-43, 58, 59
JOHN. 3:6, 46 3:19-21, 109 6:39,40, 64 6:40, 51 8:44, 67 11:11, 62 11:25, 55 14:30, 68 19:31-33, 60 20:17, 59
ACTS. 7:60, 62 16:16-18, 36 17:31, 64 26:23, 57
ROMANS. 2:15, 95 4:17, 61 6:16, 68 6:23, 97
1 CORINTHIANS. 11:30, 62 15:, 92 15:18, 64 15:51, 62 15:51-54, 61
2 CORINTHIANS. 4:4, 68 5:2, 61 12:2-4, 59
GALATIANS. 5:19-21, 36
EPHESIANS. 2:2, 68 6:11, 72 6:12, 73
PHILIPPIANS. 3:11, 61 1:23, 61
1 THESSALONIANS. 4:14, 62 4:15-17, 58, 61 5:23, 48
2 THESSALONIANS. 2:8,9, 139 2:9-12, 138
1 TIMOTHY. 1:17, 42 3:6, 67 4:1, 73, 88 6:16 42
2 TIMOTHY. 3:8, 144 4:1, 8, 64 4:1, 10-12, 139
HEBREWS. 2:14, 55 10:25-29, 135 11:15, 16, 61 11:40, 48 12:9, 23, 50 12:23, 47, 50
JAMES. 4:6-8, 72
1 PETER. 1:11, 49 3:19, 48 3:20, 49 5:8, 9, 73
2 PETER. 1:16-18, 56 1:19, 131 2:4, 66, 72 3:7, 13, 72
1 JOHN. 2:22, 87 2:23, 83 4:1, 16-18, 134 4:3, 88 5:18, 72
JUDE. Verse 4, 88 " 6, 66 " 9, 55
REVELATION. 2:7, 59 5:13, 72 6:9-11, 52 12:3, 4, 137 12:7, 71 12:12, 135 13:1-10, 137 13:11, 13, 14, 136 13:11-17, 138 14:1-5, 138 14:8, 144 16:13, 14, 75, 138 16:14, 145, 146 17:5, 142 18:2, 140 18:2, 4, 5, 144 19:11-21, 145 19:20, 138 20:4-6, 51 20:14, 15, 72 21:8, 36, 93 22:1, 2, 59 22:15, 93
FOOTNOTES
1 Original edition.
2 Original edition. Not found in the mutilated edition, revised by Dr. Curry.
3 The revision of Dr. Clarke's Commentary by Dr. Curry, proves the truthfulness of what the doctor here says, for this important passage is entirely eliminated, and its place filled with statements which Dr. Clarke did not make, and sentiments which he did not believe. It is no less than a crime to treat a dead man's work in this manner.
4 For a full argument on this point, fortified by testimony, the application of which is beyond question, see works treating on the United States as a subject of prophecy, for sale by the International Tract Society, Battle Creek, Mich.
5 See works on the three messages of Revelation 14, for sale by the International Tract Society, Battle Creek, Mich.
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