 |
Authorizes the Commissioners in urgent cases to employ any competent person to visit any lunatic and to report to them.
Directs committee of every hospital to submit regulations to the Secretary of State for approval, and to send a copy to Commissioners.
Empowers Commissioners, with sanction of the Secretary of State, to make regulations for the government of licensed houses.
Enacts that Bethlem Hospital shall be subject to the provisions of Act 8 and 9 Vict., c. 100.
The third Act (16 and 17 Vict., c. 97) repeals the several Acts then in force respecting county and borough lunatic asylums, and re-enacts most of the provisions therein contained, with certain additions and improvements.
It authorizes justices of boroughs, instead of providing asylums for their own use, or in arranging with counties, etc., to contract with the Visitors of any asylum for the reception of their pauper lunatics, in consideration of certain payments.
The powers of the Visitors were enlarged in many ways.
When a county or borough asylum can accommodate more than its own pauper lunatics, the Visitors are empowered to permit the admission of the pauper lunatics of any other county or borough, or lunatics who are not paupers, but proper objects to be admitted into a public asylum, such non-pauper patients to have the same accommodation, in all respects, as the pauper lunatics.
The Visitors are directed to appoint a medical officer to be superintendent of the asylum.
They are empowered to grant superannuation annuities to the officers and servants.
They are directed to make an annual report to the general or quarter sessions of the state of the asylum.
Every pauper lunatic, not in an asylum, hospital, or licensed house, is to be visited every quarter by the medical officer of the parish or union, who is to make return thereof; and the medical officer is to be paid two shillings and sixpence for every visit.
The forms of orders, statements, and medical certificates are amended, and the medical officers of unions are permitted to sign certificates.
The medical man certifying is required to state his qualification, when and where the patient was examined, and to specify facts indicating insanity; distinguishing facts observed by himself from those communicated to him by others.
Visitors are empowered to order the removal of pauper patients to and from asylums, and also to discharge or permit the absence on trial of any patient. The Commissioners are empowered to direct the removal of any lunatic from any asylum, hospital, or licensed house to any other.
The person signing the order for admission of a private patient into an asylum may discharge such patient, subject, in the case of dangerous lunatics, to the consent of the visiting justices. Any person having authority to discharge a private patient is empowered (with consent of two Commissioners) to transfer him to another asylum or to the care of any person.
Orders and certificates, if defective, may be amended within fourteen days.
Patients escaping may be retaken within fourteen days.
This statute did not re-enact the clause contained in the Act it repealed respecting workhouses.
18 AND 19 VICT., C. 105 (1855).
In 1855 was passed the Act 18 and 19 Vict., c. 105, "to amend the Lunatic Asylum Acts and the Acts passed in the Ninth and Seventeenth Years of Her Majesty, for the Regulation of the Care and Treatment of Lunatics."
By this statute it was enacted that any single county or borough might unite with the subscribers to a registered hospital, and that the proportion of expenses between any county and borough might be fixed with reference to accommodation likely to be required.
Other sections provide in detail for the maintenance of county and borough asylums, and other matters which it is unnecessary to enumerate.
APPENDIX G.
(Page 195.)
A short summary is added of the provisions in force at the time of the Select Committee of 1859-60, for the protection of private patients. They remain essentially the same.
In the metropolis, the power of licensing is exclusively in the hands of the Metropolitan Commissioners. In the provincial districts it rests with the justices at quarter sessions. These licenses are annually renewed, and they may be revoked by the Lord Chancellor. The patients are admitted upon an order signed by some relative or friend, with a statement of all the particulars of the case. This statement must be supported by the certificates of two medical practitioners, who, having examined the patient separately within seven days previous to the reception, state that he is a person of unsound mind, and a proper person to be detained under care and treatment. It must also specify the grounds upon which their opinion has been formed, viz. the facts observed by themselves or communicated by others. After two and before the expiration of seven clear days, the proprietor or superintendent of the licensed house must transmit to the Commissioners, and also to the visiting justices, if the licensed house is within their jurisdiction, a copy of the order and certificates. The licensed house must be visited by two of the Commissioners, four times at least every year, if it lies within their immediate jurisdiction; and if beyond, it must be visited four times at least by Visitors appointed by the justices, one of whom shall be a medical man, and twice at least by two of the Commissioners. In the course of such visits, inquiries are directed to be made as to the occupation, amusement, classification, condition, and dietary of the different patients, and also whether a system of non-coercion has been adopted or not; and where it shall appear, either to the Commissioners or to the visiting justices, that a patient is detained without sufficient cause, they have the power, under certain conditions, of ordering his discharge. When a patient recovers, the proprietor or superintendent is required to send notice of such recovery to the person who signed the order for his reception; and if such patient is not discharged or removed within fourteen days, the proprietor is required immediately to transmit a similar notice to the Commissioners or visiting justices, as the case may be. When a patient dies, the medical practitioner who attended such patient during his illness is to cause a statement to be entered in the case-book, setting forth the time and cause of death, and the duration of the disease of which the patient died, and a copy of such statement, within two days, must be transmitted to the coroner. In addition to these specific provisions, the Commissioners have power from time to time to make regulations for the government of any of these licensed houses, and they must report annually to the Lord Chancellor the number of visits they have made, the number of patients they have seen, the state and condition of the house, the care of the patients therein, and such other particulars as they may think deserving of notice (p. vi.).
25 AND 26 VICT., C. 111, "THE LUNACY ACTS AMENDMENT ACT, 1862."
In consequence of the importance of the Act of 1862, the Commissioners issued the following circular noting its chief provisions:—
Private Patients.
Sec. 23.—The order must be dated within one month prior to reception; the person signing the order must himself have seen the patient within one month prior to its date; and a statement of the time and place when the patient was so seen must be appended to the order.
Sec. 25.—When possible, every order must contain the name and address of one or more relations of the lunatic, to whom notice of the death of a lunatic must be sent.
Sec. 24.—Besides the persons hitherto prohibited from signing certificates and orders, the following also are now disqualified:—Any person receiving any percentage on or otherwise interested in the payments for patients, and the medical attendant as defined in the Lunacy Act, c. 100. Also 15 and 16 Vict., c. 96, s. 12; c. 97, s. 76.
Sec. 26.—Where a patient received as a pauper is made a private patient, no fresh order or certificate is required, and vice versa.
Sec 28.—With the exception of the statement by the medical officer as to a patient's mental and bodily condition, all the documents heretofore required to be sent to the Commissioners after two or before seven clear days from the reception of the patient, must in future be sent within one clear day from such reception. The medical officer's statement is, as heretofore, not to be sent until after two and before seven clear days.
Letters of Patients.
Sec 40.—Without special directions to the contrary, letters addressed to the Commissioners, committees of Visitors, committees of a hospital, and the Visitors of licensed houses, must be forwarded unopened. Other letters must also be forwarded, unless, by an endorsement thereon, the superintendent or other person having charge of patients should prohibit their transmission. Letters so endorsed to be laid before Commissioners, committees, or Visitors at next visit.
Sec. 38.—Absence on trial may be permitted to patients, in the same way as leave of absence for the benefit of health is permitted under s. 86, c. 100.
Sec. 43.—In the absence of any person qualified to discharge, a discharge or removal may be ordered by the Commissioners.
Pauper Patients.
Sec. 25.—The order must contain the name and address of one or more relations of the lunatic, and notice of the death of the lunatic must be sent to such relation.
Sec. 38.—A pauper permitted to be absent on trial from a licensed house or hospital may have such an allowance made to him by order of the Commissioners, Visitors, or committees as would be charged for him were he in the house or hospital.
Licensed Houses and Hospitals.
Secs. 14 and 15.—No fresh licence can be granted by justices without inspection and report by the Commissioners. Notices of alterations in houses licensed by justices must be given to Commissioners. Their report must be considered by the justices before licence is granted or alterations are consented to.
Sec. 16.—The physician, surgeon, or apothecary not being a licensee, where any such is by law required to reside in or visit a licensed house, must in the metropolitan district be approved of by the Commissioners, and in the provincial district by the visiting justices.
A penalty is imposed on any person infringing the terms of his licence as to numbers, sex, or class.
Sec. 18.—With consent of two of the Commissioners, or, in the case of the provincial licensed houses, of two of the Visitors, a person who may have been a patient within five years immediately preceding, may be received as a boarder into a licensed house (extension of c. 96, s. 6).
Sec. 29.—Licensed houses may be visited at any time by one or more of the Commissioners or Visitors, but in the metropolitan district they must be so visited twice in the year, in addition to the present visits by two Commissioners, and in the provincial districts similarly by Visitors. Commissioners and Visitors visiting singly have substantially the same powers of inspection and inquiry as when visiting together. To these the sixty-second section of the Act does not apply.
Sec. 39.—A penalty is now imposed on any officer or servant conniving at an escape.
Sec. 43.—In the absence of any person qualified under ss. 72, 73, c. 100, the Commissioners may order discharge or removal of a patient.
Sec. 38.—Absence on trial may be permitted to patients, in the same way as leave of absence for the benefit of health is permitted under s. 86, c. 100.
Medical Certificates.
Sec 27.—Where medical certificates have been returned with a written direction of the Commissioners for amendment, and such amendment shall not have been made within fourteen days, the Commissioners may order the patient's discharge.
Sec. 22.—Lunatics so found by inquisition may be received without certificate on an order of the committee, accompanied by an official copy of the order appointing such Committee.[316]
Workhouses.
The Poor Law Board issued a circular at the same time. The only paragraph which it is of interest to cite here is the following:—"The eighth section empowers the Visitors of any asylum and the guardians of any parish or union within the district for which the asylum has been provided, if they shall see fit, to make arrangements, subject to the approval of the Commissioners in Lunacy and the President of the Poor Law Board, for the reception and care of a limited number of chronic lunatics in the workhouse of such parish or union, to be selected by the superintendent of the asylum and certified by him to be fit and proper so to be removed. The Board are at present not aware of any workhouse in which any such arrangement could conveniently be made; but they will be ready to consider any such proposals on the subject when the Visitors of the Board of Guardians of any union shall find it convenient or practicable to act upon this clause."
FOOTNOTES:
[316] Seventeenth Report of Commissioners in Lunacy, 1863.
APPENDIX H.
(Page 205.)
Extract from the British and Foreign Medical Review, January, 1840:—
"In this particular there is apparently no asylum in England which presents so remarkable a model as that of Lincoln. Of all the works that have appeared on the subject of lunatic houses since the publication of Mr. Tuke's account of the Retreat, there is none which contains matter more deserving of attention than that recently published by Mr. Hill. His lecture is little more than a simple commentary on the resolutions of the board of management of the Lincoln Asylum for twenty years past; during which period, under the superintendence of Dr. Charlesworth, and latterly with the vigilant co-operation of Mr. Hill himself, as house surgeon, almost every kind of bodily restraint is stated to have gradually fallen into disuse as superfluous, a mere substitute for want of watchful care.... If the Lincoln Asylum can present a model of this kind, which all may visit and examine, the services of Dr. Charlesworth to the cause of humanity and in behalf of the insane, already considerable, will only be second to that of him who first released them from their chains."
On this Mr. Hill observes, July 8, 1840:—
"At last the first Medical Review in Europe took up the subject, and placed most deservingly Dr. Charlesworth in a striking position as to the non-restraint system, and also honoured myself with approbation."
The following extracts from the Orders in the Lincoln Asylum books[317] are essential to the right understanding of the introduction of non-restraint there. Dr. Charlesworth was visiting physician from its opening in 1821; Mr. Hill was appointed house surgeon in 1835.
"1828. Ordered—That the use of the strait waistcoat be discontinued in this institution except under the special written order of the physician of the month.
"1828, October 13. Ordered and resolved—That the physicians be requested to consider whether it be possible to make any improvement in the means of restraint now in use, and especially for obviating the use of the strait waistcoat."
Extract from the Fifth Report of the Lincoln Lunatic Asylum, 1829, April:—
"The governors have particularly directed their views to the subject of coercion and restraint, well aware of their injurious consequences to the patients.... The construction of the instruments in use having also been carefully examined, they have destroyed a considerable proportion of those that were not of the most improved and least irritating description, and hope hereafter to introduce still further amelioration into this department."
Extract from the House Visitor's Report, 1829, August 17:—
"Every attention seems to be paid to the patients, whose general state has, I understand, for some time past, been so generally good that it is gratifying to say that the strait waistcoat has almost become useless."
Extract from the Seventh Annual Report, 1831, March 28:—
"Heretofore it was conceived that the only intention of a receptacle for the insane was the safe custody of the unhappy objects, by any means, however harsh and severe. These views are now passing away, and the fair measure of a superintendent's ability, in the treatment of such patients, will be found in the small number of restraints which are imposed. The new director has answered this test in a very satisfactory manner."
The new director here referred to was Mr. Henry Marston. The following note is appended to this report:—
"As early as the 24th day of November last (viz. Nov., 1830, five years before Mr. Hill's appointment), there was not any patient in the house under restraint, unless one wearing a collar, which leaves all the limbs quite at liberty, can be so considered. This gratifying occurrence has taken place more than once since that time."
Extract from the Ninth Annual Report, 1833, April:—
"It is unceasingly an object in this institution, and should form a prominent point in the annual reports, to dispense with or improve as much as possible the instruments of restraint."
Extract from the House Visitor's Report, 1834, August 4th to 10th inclusive:—
"I have much satisfaction in being able to state that not a single male patient has been under restraint since the 16th of July, and not one female patient since the 1st of August, and then only for a few hours."
At this time Mr. Hadwen held the appointment of house surgeon.
Extract from the Governor's Memorandum Book, 1835, July 8th:—
"Resolved,—That this Board, in acknowledging the services of Mr. Hadwen during the period of fifteen months that he held the situation of house surgeon of this institution, feel called upon to express their high approbation of the very small proportion of instances of restraint which have occurred amongst the patients under his care."
Extract from Edinburgh Review, April, 1870:—
"But to Conolly belongs a still higher crown, not merely for his courage in carrying out a beneficent conception on a large scale and on a conspicuous theatre, but for his genius in expanding it. To him, hobbles and chains, handcuffs and muffs, were but material impediments that merely confined the limbs; to get rid of these he spent the best years of his life; but beyond these mechanical fetters he saw there were a hundred fetters to the spirit, which human sympathy, courage, and time only could remove.
"Perfect as was the experiment carried out at Lincoln Asylum, the remoteness of that institution from the great centre of life, and the want of authority in its author, would no doubt have prevented its acceptance for years by the physicians of the great county asylums so long wedded to old habits. It was for some time treated as the freak of an enthusiastic mind, that would speedily go the way of all such new-fangled notions; and no doubt it would, had not an irresistible impulse been given to it by the installation of Dr. Conolly at Hanwell, where, with a noble ardour, he at once set to work to carry out in the then largest asylum in the kingdom the lesson he had learned at Lincoln."
Dr. Conolly's works bearing on mental disorders, in addition to his "Lectures on Insanity," were as follows:—
1. "An Inquiry concerning the Indications of Insanity, with Suggestions for the better Protection and Care of the Insane." 1830.
2. "The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane." 1847.
3. "The Treatment of the Insane without Mechanical Restraints." 1856.
See "Memoir of Dr. Conolly." By Sir James Clark. 1869.
FOOTNOTES:
[317] As given in the Journal of Mental Science, July, 1870.
APPENDIX I.
(Page 236.)
The Commissioners give, in their Report for 1857, a table in support of the statement at p. 236, but it is not borne out by the average of the six largest and six smallest county asylums.
- - Daily average Average weekly cost Asylum. number of patients. per head. - - s. d. Colney Hatch 1257 9 10 Hanwell 1020 10 5-3/4 Surrey 934 8 8-3/4 Wakefield 803 7 4 Lancaster 710 8 1-1/2 Prestwich 509 7 10 - - Average} 872 Average} 8 8-1/2 number} cost } Dorset 155 8 1 Denbigh 189 9 8-3/4 Bucks 192 10 8 Notts 216 10 5 Cornwall 238 8 3-3/4 Chester 278 8 6 - - Average} 211 Average} 9 3 number} cost} - -
APPENDIX K I.
(Page 258.)
The sketch of the rise and growth of county asylums and registered hospitals would not be complete without giving the provision obtained, up to the present time, by means of rates on the one hand and private charity on the other. We are not concerned here with private asylums.
The following are the asylums and charitable hospitals in England and Wales, January 1st, 1881, with the number of patients.
Counties.—Beds., Herts, and Hunts. (913); Berks (420), Bucks. (421), Cambridge (421); Carmarthen, Cardigan, and Pembroke (335); Chester—at Chester (521), ditto at Macclesfield (632); Cornwall (582); Cumberland and Westmoreland (447); Denbigh, Anglesea, Carnarvon, Flint, and Merioneth (427); Derby (404), Devon (800), Dorset (469), Durham (944), Essex (932), Glamorgan (581), Gloucester (662), Hants (792), Hereford (364), Kent—at Maidstone (1253), ditto at Canterbury (692); Lancaster—at Lancaster Moor (1118), ditto at Rainhill (675), ditto at Prestwich (1211), ditto at Whittingham (1260); Leicester and Rutland (463), Lincoln (600); Middlesex—at Banstead (1702), Colney Hatch (2173), Hanwell (1841); Monmouth, Brecon, and Radnor (537); Norfolk (619), Northampton (557), Northumberland (432), Notts (280), Oxford (471), Salop and Montgomery (50), Somerset (733); Stafford—at Stafford (645), ditto at Burntwood (529); Suffolk (401); Surrey—at Wandsworth (1028), ditto at Brookwood (1050); Sussex (802), Warwick (644), Wilts (586), Worcester (766); York—North Riding, York (525); ditto West Riding, Wakefield (1400); ditto West Riding, Sheffield (1125); ditto East Riding, Beverley (260).
Boroughs.—Birmingham (676), Bristol (387), Hull (163), Ipswich (249), Leicester (392), City of London (380), Newcastle-on-Tyne (248), Norwich (171), Nottingham (262), Portsmouth (375).
Metropolitan District Asylums.—Leavesden, Herts (1990); Darenth, Kent (687); Caterham, Surrey (2039).
Hospitals.—Manchester Royal Lunatic Hospital, Cheadle (183); Wonford House, Exeter (93); Barnwood House, Gloucester (111); Lincoln Lunatic Hospital (56); St. Luke's Hospital (199); Bethel Hospital, Norwich (74); St. Andrew's Hospital, Northampton (314); Nottingham Lunatic Hospital (66); Warneford Asylum, Oxford (68); Coton Hill, Stafford (146); Bethlem Hospital (265); Bootham Asylum, York (187); The Retreat, York (151).
Idiot Establishments. See chapter viii., pp. 307-319.
Naval and Military Hospitals and India Asylum.—Royal Military Hospital, Netley (34); Royal India Lunatic Asylum, Ealing (105); Royal Naval Hospital, Yarmouth (168).
Criminal Asylum.—Broadmoor (491). See chapter vi.
The total number of ascertained lunatics and idiots in England and Wales, January 1st, was as follows:—
+ + + Private. Pauper. Total. + -+ -+ + + + + + + Location. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. M. F. Total. + -+ -+ + + + + + + 61 county and borough asylums (51 and 10) 230 309 539 18,427 22,389 40,816 18,657 22,698 41,355 16 registered hospitals 1,454 1,346 2,800 92 56 148 1,546 1,402 2,948 Licensed houses: 35 Metropolitan 1,030 836 1,866 198 447 645 1,228 1,283 2,511 59 Provincial 738 816 1,554 257 304 561 995 1,120 2,115 3 naval and military and hospitals, Royal India Asylum 288 19 307 288 19 307 1 criminal lunatic asylum (Broadmoor) 172 55 227 199 65 264 371 120 491 Workhouses: Ordinary workhouses 5,211 6,882 12,093 5,211 6,882 12,093 Metropolitan district asylums 2,144 2,574 4,718 2,144 2,574 4,718 Private single patients 175 273 448 175 273 448 Outdoor paupers 2,358 3,769 6,127 2,358 3,769 6,127 + -+ -+ + + + + + + - 73,113 175 Total 4,087 3,654 7,741 28,886 36,486 65,372 32,973 40,140 [318] + -+ -+ + + + + + +
FOOTNOTES:
[318] Exclusive of 224 Chancery patients residing with their committees.
APPENDIX K II.
(Page 276.)
It should have been stated in the text that the ratio of the insane there given to the number of those tried, only refers to those tried for murder. I am indebted to Dr. Guy for the following additional figures, extracted from the last volume of the Judicial Statistics:—
- - - - - 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. - - - - - Sentenced to death 33 32 34 20 34 28 Executed 18 22 22 15 16 13 Subsequently certified as insane and sent to Broadmoor 1 1 2 1 4 1 - - - - -
The following figures for 1878 are of interest:—
Removed by order of Secretary of State, acquitted as insane 33.2 Ditto, becoming insane after trial 22.2 Ditto, becoming insane after committal 23.5 Ditto, found or declared insane 20.9 Committed by justices—dangerous lunatics 0.2 ——- 100.0
The last figure is in striking contrast with the return from Ireland, where, on account of the peculiarity of the law, the justices committed 1276 as dangerous lunatics, out of 1393 sent to asylums in the same year.
APPENDIX L.
(Page 284.)
Since Broadmoor was opened, in 1863, to January 1, 1881, the number of persons admitted was 1322; the re-admissions were 27, making 1349 cases. The number discharged recovered was 108; the number recovered and sent back to prison to finish their sentences, 59; making a total of recoveries of 167, or 12.37 per cent. of the admissions. There were transferred to other asylums, being still insane, 452; and 234 died, or 2 per cent. on average number resident. Twenty-one patients escaped and were recaptured, 3 escaped and were not recaptured. The number remaining January 1, 1881, was 490.
Of these, 19 were affected with epilepsy; 13 with paralysis; and 4 with epilepsy and paralysis.
The principal crimes were as follows:—For murder, 220; attempt to murder, 122; arson, 28; larceny and petty theft, 25; insubordination as soldiers, 18; burglary and housebreaking, 16; manslaughter, 10.
With reference to the period at which insanity was recognized, 39 were certified to be insane whilst awaiting trial or judgment; 117 were found insane by jury on arraignment; 244 were acquitted on the ground of insanity; 13 were reprieved on the ground of insanity; and 77 were certified insane whilst undergoing sentence of penal servitude.
Of 230 who had committed homicide, 93 had killed their own children; 23 their wives; 8 women to whom engaged; 7 the mother, and 4 the father; while 18 had killed fellow patients in asylums.
APPENDIX M.
(Page 298.)
The following are some of the statistics of the duties performed in the office of the Masters in Lunacy during the year ending October 31, 1879:—
Orders for inquiry in Commissions of Lunacy executed by Masters in Lunacy 115
Reports made to the Lord Chancellor 248
Summonses for proceedings before the Masters 5739
REGISTRAR IN LUNACY.
Petitions presented for hearing 253
Ditto for orders for inquiry, and for orders under Lunacy Regulation Act, 1862 179
Orders made for inquiry (Commissioners in Lunacy) 119
Number of orders made in pursuance of the Lunacy Regulation Act, 1862, for the application of properties of small amounts for the maintenance of lunatics 51
CASH ACCOUNTS.
Amount of receipts included in accounts and affidavits of committees and receivers of lunatics' estates, taken and passed by the Masters L882,481
Amount of disbursements and allowances thereon 766,220
Percentage on lunatics' incomes under general order 21,140
Amount of stock directed to be transferred into court 144,439
Amount of stock directed to be sold or transferred out 325,925
Amount of stock directed by orders in lunacy to be transferred, or otherwise than into court 2,092,038
Judicial Statistics, 1880.
INDEX.
A.
Abendberg, the, 305
Aberdeen Asylum, 333, 334, 343
Abram men, 39, 40, 65
Accumulation of insane, 261, 362, 402, 429, 438, 493
Adam, Dr., 379
Admissions into asylums, 260
Aetius, 30
Agas's map, 60, 507
Agrippa, Cornelius, 36, 38
Ahagaltaun, 23
Airing-courts, 375
Ale, 2, 4, 5
Alkermes, 31
Allen, Dr. T., 80, 81
Altarnun, 11
America, 445
—— and idiots, 302
Amsterdam Hospital, 111
Amusements, 336
Apparition, treatment of, 4
Apples in insanity, 109
Apuleius, 2, 31
Argyll, Duke of, 340
Armagh, 403, 417
Armoric word for mania, 11
Arnold, Dr. T., 141
——, Dr. (Rugby), 442
Ashe, Dr., 431
Ashley, Lord, 170, 176, 177, 178, 180, 184, 339, 449, 451
Asylums in 1792, Appendix C; in 1844, pp. 209-212; in 1851, p. 225; in 1858, 238; in 1881, Appendix K I
Attendants, 233, 244, 466
Aubrey, 65
Austria, 444
Auxiliary asylums (Ireland), 426
Ayrshire petition against lunacy reform, 327
B.
Backus, Dr., 302
Bacon's restoration of Cibber's statues, 71
Baillarger, 444, 497
Bain, Mr., 474
Baker, Dr., 466
Baldovan Idiot School, 308
Ball, Professor, 284
Ballinasloe, 403, 417
Balsam of bats, 33
—— of earthworms, 33
Banstead, 460
Barking, asylum at, 55, 68
Barlow, Master, 191, 293, 294, 296
Bastian, Dr., 473
Bath, school for imbeciles, 304, 307, 320
Baths in insanity, 6, 12, 137, 485
Battie, Dr., 82, 86, 87
Batty, Dr., 141
Bayle, 444
Bayley, Mr., 504
Beach, Dr., 304, 308
Bedford Asylum, 165, 166, 180, 214
"Bedlam," synonymous with mad-house, 56; lines on, 75
—— Gate, 48, 49
Belfast Asylum, 417, 424
Belgium, 445
Belhomme, M., 302
Bell, Dr. Luther, 445, 467
——, St. Fillan's, 2, 15, 16
Benefits arising from the removal of restrictions, 379
Bennet, Hon. H. G., 149
Bethel Hospital, 210
Bethlem Hospital, 12, 45, 85, 152, 166, 400, 507
——, plates of, 60, 74; prints of, Appendix A
Bethnal Green Asylum, 155, 156, 167, 168, 174, 183
Bezoartick pastills, 33
Bicetre, the, 302, 446
Bile, 33, 43, 93
Bill of 1773, 101
Binning, Lord, 149, 326, 328
Bishopsgate Street, 45
Blackburn, Mr., 355
Blandford, Dr., 453
Blood-letting, 484
Board of Lunacy, 453, 493, 518
—— of Supervision (Scotland), 348, 349, 351, 352, 354, 355
—— of Works (Ireland), 404
Boarding out of lunatics, 387
Boase, Dr., 13
Boerhaave, 18
Boismont, Brierre de, 145, 444
Bootham Asylum (York Asylum), 210
Borage, 30
Borde, Dr., 26
Borlase, Mr. W. C., 13
——, Dr., 13
Bowen's Bethlem, 62
Bowling Green, the, 87
Bowssening lunatics, 11, 513
Boyd, Dr., 477
Braid, Mr. James, 472
Brank, the, 42
Braun's map, 60
Bread and milk in insanity, 109
Bridewell, 61
Bridle, scold's, 42
Brigham, Dr., 445, 500
Bright, Dr., 167
British Review, 123
British word for mania, 11
Broadmoor, 240, 252, 265, 494, Appendix L
Broadway, H., his medical certificate, 163
Brodie, Dr., 308
Brogden, Mr., 326
Brookwood Asylum, 42, 505
Brosius, 448
Brougham, Lord, 164, 175
Brown, Dr. (N. Y.), 134
Browne, Sir T., 31, 35
——, Dr. W. A. F., 335, 339, 368
——, Dr. Crichton, 480, 489
Bruce, Mr., 355
Brushfield, Dr., 42, 505
Buckland, Mr., 49
Bucknill, Dr., 191, 297, 458, 477, 500
Burt, Mr., 279
Burton, 29, 30, 31
Butt of St. Lewes, 16
C.
Cairns, Lord, 433
Calmeil, 444
Campbell, Lord, 245
Cappe, Dr., 118
Carlow Asylum, 403, 417
Carmarthen Asylum, 250
Carpenter, Dr., 469
Cassidy, Dr., 208
Castlebar Asylum, 423
Caterham Asylum, 240, 241, 262, 308, 319
Cath Finntraglia, 24
Census of insane, 1844, 179, 211, 451; 1847, 221; 1854, 230; 1858, 191; 1859, 259; 1864, 240; 1874, 252; 1879, 258; 1881, 259, 533
—— (Scotch), 1818, 330; 1855, 340; 1858, 360; 1874, 364; 1881, 367, 368, 373
—— (Ireland), 1827, 408; 1843, 414; 1881, 439, 441
Cerebral reflex action, 469
Certificate, illiterate, 163
Chains, 8, 40, 52, 64, 95, 154, 155
Chamber of Horrors at Lancaster, 208
Chancery lunatics, 199, 222, 285, 298, Appendix M —— (Ireland), 434
Charcot, 474
Charing Cross, asylum at, 53, 68
Charity Commissioners' Report on Bethlem, 60, 79, 85
—— Organization Committee on idiots, 311, 313, 461
Charles I., 66
Charlesworth, Dr., 182, 204, 206, 527
Chatham, Earl of, 98, 103-7
Chaucer, 10, 53, 54
Cheadle Lunatic Hospital, 199, 243, 458, 504
Cheshire Asylum, 42, 165, 214, 250
Chiaruggi, 445
Christ's Hospital, 61
Christmas Rose, 30
Chronicles of Great Britain during Middle Ages, 8
Church-bell, 2, 15
Cibber, Caius Gabriel, 70, 78
City and Bethlem, 58, 61, 67, 82
Clapton. See Darenth
Clark, J. Benwell, 61
Clarke, Lockhart, 478
——, Rev. E. M., 414
Classification of insanity, 467
Clerkenwell Close, 92
Cloghnagalt, 23
Clonmel Asylum, 394, 417
Clouston, Dr., 371, 488, 501
Cock, sacrifice of a, 20, 21
Code of rules (Irish) issued by Privy Council, 424
Coin paid to a Scotch loch, 20
Coke, 31, 32, 38
Colebrooke, Sir E., 352
College of Physicians, 102, 162, 170, 174, 449
Colney Hatch Asylum, 236, 249
Colquhoun, Mr., 324
Comfort of asylums, increased, 386
Commission, Lunacy Inquiry (Irish), 1877, 397
Commissioners in Lunacy, 187, 220, 235, 242, 246, 493
—— (Ireland), 403
Committee (House of Commons), 1763, 98; 1808, 127; 1814, 1815, 149, 157; 1816, 158, 159; 1827, 167; 1859, 191, Appendix G; 1877, 196, 294
—— (Ireland), 1804, 399; 1817, 394, 402; 1859, 402
—— (Scotch), 1848, 338, 339
—— House of Lords (Ireland), 1830, 409, 413; 1855, 417
Congress, International Medical, 284, 286
Connaught Asylum, 409
Conolly, Dr., 177, 180, 182, 191, 206, 207, 220, 414, 447, 448, 459, 484, Appendix H
Constantinople asylums, 110
Construction of asylums, 236
Coote, Mr., 508
Cork Asylum, 398, 407, 415, 420
Cornish word for mania, 11
Cornwall, treatment in, 11
—— Asylum, 165, 166, 199, 214, 215
Corrigan, Dr., 418
Corsellis, Dr., 182
Cost of asylums, 166, 180, 239, 241, 262, 461
—— of maintenance of lunatics, 222, 244, 269, 278, 366, Appendix I
—— of pauper lunatics transferred from parish to union, 239
Coton Hill Lunatic Hospital, 244, 504
Cottage treatment (Devon Asylum), 458
County asylums, 1844, 209, 211
Couper, Marable, 21
Course of Lunacy Legislation, 147
Cowan, Mr., 355
Cox, Dr., 142, 513
——, Mr. James (afterwards Sir James Coxe), 360
Crace, Mr., 508
Crichton, Dr. (Friars Carse), 335
——, Mrs., 335
——, Dr., 142
Criminal lunatics, 265
Crooke, Hilkiah, 64, 80
Cross, sign of the, 5
Crosses, lunatics bound to, 28
Cullen, Dr., prescribes stripes, 513
Currie, Dr., 513
D.
Daire Dornmhar, 24
Dalyell, 16, 21
Dangerous lunatics (Ireland), 423, 436, 534
Darenth Asylum, 241
—— Idiot Schools, 307, 319
Dark room, 29, 44
Darwin on idiots, 318
Davies, Dr. Pritchard, 486
Defoe, Daniel, 96
Dekker, 65
Delarive, Dr., 117, 137
Demoniacal possession, 1, 5, 9, 18, 27, 43
Demonology, 34
Denbigh Asylum, 253, 254
Denton, Robert, 55
Depeditch, 48, 49
Depletion in insanity, 136, 137, 484
Derby, Earl of, 269
"Description of the Retreat," 115, 123, 129, 400, 515
Desportes, 459
"Devil sickness," 2
Devon, Earl of, 306
Dickens on the Court of Chancery, 285
Dickson Thompson, Dr., 471
Diet in insanity, 136
Difficulties met with in carrying out improvements, 385
Dillwyn, Mr., 196, 200, 499
—— Committee, 196, 296, 450
Dioscorides, 2, 30
"Dissolution," 471
District asylums (Scotland), 358
Divination, 26
Dix, Miss, 338, 353, 445
"Dog and Duck," 84
Dorridge Grove Asylum, 306
Dorset Asylum, 214, 250
Down, Dr., 307
Downpatrick Asylum, 423
Drummond, Mr. H., 191, 332, 339, 351, 356
——, Alex., trial of, 21
Dublin Asylum. See Richmond
Ducking stools, 34
Dumfries Asylum, 335, 368
Dunbar, Sir William, 356
Duncan, Dr., 122, 322
Dundas, Mr. W., 324
Dundee Asylum, 333
Dundrum Asylum, 180, 268, 431, 435
Dunlop, Mr., 356
Dunne, Col., 417
Dunstan, Mr., 89
Durham Asylum, 250
Dwellings, insane in private, 262
E.
Earle, Dr. Pliny, 492
Earlswood, 305, 319
Edinburgh Review on Pinel, 142
Edinburgh Royal Asylum, 322, 323, 343, 371, 372
Edward VI., 61
Eldon, Lord, 162, 165
Electricity, 110
Elgin Asylum, 341
Ellice, Mr. E., 339, 348, 350, 352, 353, 355
Elliotson, Dr., 472
Elmes on St. Luke's, 88
Empiric, a Scotch, 21
Employment of patients, 137, 278, 333, 336, 489
Ennis Asylum, 423
Enniscorthy Asylum, 423
Epilepsy, 4, 20, 31-37, 489
Erskine, Lord, 130
Esquirol, 302, 448, 459, 467
Essex Hall, 305, 320
—— Asylum (Brentwood), 250
Evelyn's visit to Bethlem, 64, 68
"Evigilator" (Dr. Best), 124
Evolution, 471, 475
Exeter Lunatic Hospital, 214
Exorcism, 28
F.
Fallowes, Dr., 93
Falret, 302, 444
Farm labour, 138, 334, 382
Faulkner, Dr., 142
Fellows of College (Commissioners), 102, 167
Ferrier, Dr., 473
Ferrus, 132, 133, 444
Feuchtersleben, 445
Feverfew, 30
Fife and Kinross Asylum, 388, 391, 462
Fig poultices, 31
Finnmac-Cumhail, 24
Finsbury Circus, 67, 68
Fisherton House, 268
FitzMary, Simon, 45
Fletcher, Dr. Bell, 306
Fonthill-Gifford Asylum, 156, 212
Forfar, 42
Fort Clarence Hospital, 210
Foster, Mr. J. Leslie, 394, 400
Foville, 444
——, M. Achille, 284, 446
Fowler, Dr., 119
Fownes, Sir William, 396
Fox (Lord Holland), 98
——, Mr. John, on schools for the insane, 438
France, 142, 301, 444
Fraser, Dr., 387, 462
Friedreich, 445
Friends, Society of, 113, 125, 132, 134, 306
Fritsch, 473
Fry, Mrs., 329
Furness, 28
G.
Galen, 30
Gall, son of King of Ulster, a lunatic, 25
Galt, etymology of, 24
Gardner, Mr. J. E., 62, 74, Appendix A
Garth's Dispensary, 81
Gartnavel, 372
Gaskell, Mr., 191, 209, 214, 454, 456
Gay, 67
Gealach, etymology of, 24
Gentleman's Magazine, 99, 101
George III., insanity of, 107, 108
Georget, 444
Gerarde, 30
Germany, 304, 444
Gilchrist, Dr., 371
Giraldus of Wales, 8, 9
Glamorgan Asylum, 249, 250
Glasgow Asylum, 332, 334, 343
Glen-na-galt, 23, 25, 393
Gloucester Asylum, 165, 166, 179, 180, 214, 503
Godfrey, Bishop of Bethlehem, grant to, 47
Goltz, 473
Gordon, Mr. R., 166, 169, 171, 187, 202, 203, 332, 449
Grabham, Dr., 305, 319
Graham, Sir James, 184, 339
Grand Juries' presentments (Ireland), 404, 405
Grant, capitation, 196, 251, 364, 390
Gray, Dr. (Utica), 449, 463
Great Staughton, 41
Gregorian water, 18
Grenville, Mr., 98
Gresham, Sir J., 58, 61
Grey, Sir George, 191, 338, 351, 361
Griesinger, 448
Grove Hall Asylum, 481
Gudden, 482
Guislain, 445
Gurney, Mr. J. J., 329
Guy, Dr., 534
Guy's Hospital Lunatic Ward, 211
H.
Hale, 31, 32, 38
Hallaran, Dr., 398, 407
Halliday, Sir A., 127, 164, 165, 166, 167, 328
Hanwell Asylum, 177, 179, 180, 206, 207, 213, 228, 236, 489
Hardinge, Judge, on Dr. Battie, 86
Hardy's Act, 460
Harper, Dr., 142
Harvey, Mr., on Moorfields, 77
Haslam, Mr., 65, 80, 142, 152, 444
Haslar Hospital, 210, 213, 503
Hatchell, Dr., 423
Haverfordwest Asylum, 210, 253
Haywards Heath Asylum, 489
Hebrides, 19
Hellebore, 30, 31, 109
Henbane, 2
Henry VIII., portrait of, 73; treatment of insane in his reign, 27; grant of Bethlem, 58, 59
Herb treatment of insane, 1
Hereford Asylum, 183
Heron, Mr., 14
Higgins, Mr. G., 124, 150
Highgate Asylum, 305
Hill, Mr. R. Gardiner, 204, 205, 206, 447, Appendix H
Hills, Dr., 486
Hitch, Dr., 182, 446
Hitchcock, Professor, 284
Hitzig, 473, 480
Hogarth's Bethlem, 73, 74, 509
Hogenberg's map, 61
Hole in floor of cabin for lunatic, 395
Holidays, essential for superintendents, 465
Hollar's map, 65, 507
Holler, 482
Holy water, 2, 5
—— wells, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 21
Hood, Dr., 191
Hop, 5
Hospitals, lunatic, 210, 263
Howard, John, 110-112
Howe, Dr. S. G., 303, 445
Humieres, Mrs., evidence of, 155
Humours, influence of, 9, 33, 34
Hutcheson, Dr., 334
Hutchinson, Mr. Jonathan, 468, 497
Hypnotism, 472
I.
Idiots, 286, 299, 309, 483
Imbeciles, 299
Inch Maree, 17, 18
Increase of lunacy, apparent, 232, 253, 260
Incubi, 36
Industrial system, 381, 382
Inspectors of the poor, action of, in boarding out, 385
International Medical Congress, 443
Invocation to periwinkle, 3
Ipswich Borough Asylum, 250
Ireland, 23, 393
——, Dr., 304, 308
Ireland's Hogarth, 74
Irish Lunacy Inquiry Commission, 1878, 424-431
Island Bridge Asylum, 410
Itard, M., 301
Ivy ointment, 109
J.
Jacke Napes, 56
Jackson, Dr. (Boston), 109
——, Dr. Hughlings, 471
Jacobi, Dr., 126, 333, 445, 459, 460, 465, 515
Jails, lunatics in (Ireland), 412
James I., 34
Jarvis, Dr. E., 492
Jepson, G., 116, 118
Jocelin, 28
Johnstone, Mr., 356
Junius on Chatham, 106
K.
Kekewich, Mr., 191
Kennoway, 391
Kent Asylum, 180, 214
Kerry, 393
Kilkenny Asylum, 410, 421
Killarney Asylum, 339
Kimbell, Mr., 306
Kinnaird, 352
Kirkbride, Dr., 457, 458, 459, 460
Kitching, Dr., 515
Knowle, idiot asylum at, 306, 320
Kolk, Schroeder van der, 445, 467, 477, 482
Krafft-Ebing, 455
L.
Lalor, Dr., 430, 438, 496
Lamb, Rt. Hon. W., 406
Lancaster Idiot Asylum, 306, 319
—— Asylum, 165, 166, 179, 208, 214, 245
Langermann, 460
Lansdowne, Marquis of, 162
Larbert Institution, 308
Latham, Dr., 454
Law, John, his servant, 22
Laycock, Professor, 468
Laying on of hands, 21
Leavesden Asylum, 240, 241, 262, 308, 319, 461
Leech, Saxon, 7
Leechdoms, Saxon, 1
Legislation, 97, 449, Appendices D-G
Leicester Asylum, 214, 250
Lelut, 477
Leonards, Lord St., 188, 518
Letterkenny Asylum, 423
Leuret, 444
Libcorns, 2
Liberton Institution, 308
Lifford Asylum, 410
Lilburne, John, 50
Limerick Asylum, 394, 398, 399, 410, 417
Lincoln County Asylum, 250
—— Lunatic Hospital, 165, 166, 179, 204, 206, 213, 250, 447, Appendix H
Lindsay, Dr. Lauder, 448
——, Dr. Murray, 499
Litton, Mr., 434, 437, 439, 441
Liverpool Asylum, 210, 214, 242
—— Street, 48, 50
Location of insane, 1844, 191, 211; 1847, 221; 1858, 1859, 191, etc.
Loch Maree, 17, 18
Lochmanur, scene at, in 1871, 20
London, City of, asylum, 250
London Spy, 75
Londonderry Asylum, 417
Lord Chancellor, 175, 257
—— Chancellor's Visitors, 285
Lotherwerd, 28
Lucas, M., 497
Luke's Hospital. See Saint
Lunatics are God's minstrels, 10
"Lunatik lollares," 11
Luther on Idiots, 318
Lutwidge, Mr., 191, 257, 418
Luys, Dr., 473, 483
Lyndsay, Sir David, 28
Lyttleton, Hon. W. H., 149
M.
Macclesfield Asylum, 249
McCabe, Dr., 431
McIntosh, Dr., 334
Mackie, Mr., 356
McKinnons, Dr., 371
Mackworth, Mr., 101
McNeill, Sir John, 355
Madman's Glen, 24
—— Ford, 23
Madmen, cowards, 109
Madron Well, 13
Maelrubha, 17
Magnan, 448
Mahon, Lord, 104
Maistre, Joseph de, 112
Major, Dr. Herbert, 478, 479, 480
Malcolm, on Bethlem, 78
——, Dr., 334
Malmesbury, Lord, 170
Manchester Hospital, 210, 214
Mandrake, 3
Maniacs, how treated at the Retreat, 120, 121
Mapes, Walter, 8
Marce, 444
Maree, St., 17
Martin, Baron, 245
Maryborough Asylum, 408, 417
Masses sung, 2, 5, 6, 12
Masters in Lunacy, 291, Appendix M
Maudsley, Dr., 474, 501
Mayerne, Sir T., 32, 34
Mead, Dr., 109
Medical Repository, 136
Medico-psychological Association, functions of, 495
Melgund, Lord, 360
Melista, 19
Mesmerism, 472
Metropolitan Commissioners, 173-175, 177, 178 (Report), 187, 209, 220, (Report of 1841) 450, 515
—— Poor Act, 240, 241, 243
Meuynge after the mone, 11
Mewing of hawks, 54
Mewse, Royal, at Charing Cross, 54
Meyer, Dr., assault upon, 280
Mickle, Dr., 480, 481, 482
Mickley, Dr., 91
Middlesex Asylum, 165, 167
Mierzejewski, 483
Millard, Mr., 306, 319, 320
Millbank, 282
"Miller's Tale," 10
Mitchell, Dr. Arthur, 17, 18, 20, 21, 391, 392
Mitford, John, petition of, 164
Monks and the monastery in insanity, 8
Monro, Dr. Edward, 82
——, Dr. Henry, 470
——, Dr. James, 71, 81
——, Dr. John, 81, 86
——, Dr. Thomas, 68, 79, 82
Montrose Asylum, 343
Moon, 2, 4, 9, 11, 24, 31
Moir, Mr. G., 360
Monaghan Asylum, 423
Moorfields, 67, 68, 69, 86, 507
Moorgate, 67, 69
Moral insanity, 454
More, Sir T., 41, 56, 60
Morel, 444, 448, 467, 497
Motet, M., 284, 444, 446
Mould, Mr., 458, 503
Mount Hope Retreat, 484
Muggleton, Lodowick, 50
Mueller, Dr., 284
Mullingar Asylum, 421
Munk, 473
——, Dr., 64, 80, 81, 87
Murray Royal Institution, 329, 341
Musselburgh Asylums, 353
N.
Naudi, Dr., 122, 123
Needham, Dr., 458, 504
Newington, Dr. Hayes, 497
Newton, Mr., his map, 60, 61, 508
——, Dr., 92
Nicoll, Mr. S. W., 129
Nicolson, Dr., 494
Nider, 36
Night goblin visitors (nightmare), 5
Niolin, red, 4
Non-restraint, 139, 177, 182, 204, 205, 213, 216, 220, 221, 223, 226, 228, 240, 342, 360, 416, 448, 494
Norfolk Asylum, 165, 166, 214, 250
Norman Conquest, treatment before the, 1
Normansfield, 307
Norris, case of, 79
Northampton Lunatic Hospital, 210, 213, 244, 504
Northumberland Asylum, 250
Norwich Asylum, 235, 249
Nottingham Asylum, 165, 166, 214, 486
Nugent, Dr., 417, 423
O.
Occurring insanity, 260
O'Curry, Professor, 26
Ogilvie, Sir John, 308, 356
O'Hagan, Lord, 432, 434, 435, 437, 441
Oleum cephalicum, 93
Oliver Cromwell's porter, 71
Omagh Asylum, 421
Open-door system, 376-378
Orange, Dr. William, 273, 276, 494
Osborne, Dr., 407
Overall, Mr., 60, 507
P.
Palmerston house for idiots, 309, 439
Paracelsus, 484
Parchappe, 131, 444, 459, 460, 478, 482
Pargeter, 142, 512
Park House, Highgate, 305, 456
Parole, liberty on, 378
Pathology of insanity, 476
Paul, Sir George, 127
Pauper lunatics in private dwellings, 262, 392
Peerless Pool, 88
Pennant, 17, 88
Penny gates at Bethlem, 71, 73
Peony, its virtue in insanity, 2, 3
Pepys and Bethlem, 65
Percy Reliques, 39, 40
Perfect, Dr., 141
Periwinkle, 3
Perth Asylum, 333
—— Tolbooth, 329
Philanthropist, the, 126
Philip, Dr., his asylum, 216
Philipps, Dr. Rees, 466
Phlebotomy, 95, 484
Piers the Plowman, 10
Pillory, insane treated at, 27, 29
Pinel, 118, 133, 142-46, 186, 268, 467, 482
Pitt. See Lord Chatham
Plastidules, 475
Poole, Dr., 304, 334
Pools, insane placed in, 12
Poor Law Act, 1874, 196
Pope, on Colley Cibber, 70
Possession, demoniacal, 1, 5, 9, 18, 43, 393
Posts, whipping, 41, 57
Poultices, 31
Power, Rev. John, 12
Preston Lodge, institution for imbeciles, 308
Prestwich Asylum, 226, 249
Prichard, Dr., 454
Priest employed in treatment, 2
Principles pursued at the Retreat, 135
Prison Act in Ireland, 399
Private asylums, 99, 193, 194, 199, 201, 211, 212, 223, 264
—— dwellings, 262, 286, 458
—— patients, how distributed, 263
Prochaska, 469
Proctor, Mr. (Barry Cornwall), 450
Progress of Psychological Medicine, 1841-81, 443
Properties, small, 295
Property, protection of, 286
Prospect of the future, 495
Psycho-motor centres, 481
Q.
Quarterly visitation of pauper lunatics, 189
Queen's pleasure men, 274
R.
Radish, a cure for female chatter, 4
Rainhill Asylum, 226
Rake's Progress, 73, 509
Ramskill, Dr., 485
Ray, Dr., 108, 133, 449, 462, 463, 466
Rayner, Dr., 489
Recent changes in mode of administering Scotch asylums, 374
Recoveries in county asylums, private asylums, and lunatic hospitals, 263, 264
Recovery, statistics of, 263, 490
Reed, Rev. Andrew, 305, 456
Reil, 444, 460
Religious services, 369
Renton, Dr., 344
Rest in bed 489, 490
Restraint, abuse of, in Ireland, 420
Retreat. See York Retreat
Retrospect of the Past, 493
"Review of the Early History of the Retreat," 135
Reynolds, Dr., 107
Rice, Mr. T. Spring, 394, 398, 402, 406
Richart, accused, 22
Richmond Lunatic Asylum, Dublin, 400, 401, 406, 409, 417, 421, 438, 496
Ringmer Asylum, 224
Ripping, Dr., 492
Robert Evan, case of, 256
Robertson, Dr. Lockhart, 262, 263, 286, 296, 500
——, Dr. (Ireland), 424
Rome, treatment of a lunatic in, 27
Rose, Right Hon. G., 148, 149, 157, 159, 161, 202, 516
Roubiliac, 70
Rowe, Sir Thomas, 49, 508
Royal Commission (Ireland), 1856, 418
—— Asylums (Scotch), 341
—— Commission (Scotch) 1855, 340; report of, 342
Rural insanity, 362
Rush, Dr., 445
Rutherford, Dr., 372, 457
Rutherfurd, Lord, 338, 351, 352, 353
Rutter, J., his lines on Bethlem, 69
S.
Saegert, Herr, 304
Saints, Cornish, 13
Salpetriere, 302
Salt, 5, 21
Salve employed against the elfin race, 5; and for the "wood-heart," 6
Sandisone, Elspeth, 22
Savage, Dr., 74, 284, 455, 482, 489
Savage of the Aveyron, 301
Saxons, treatment of insane by the, 1
Saxony, Elector of, 319
Scarlet oak, 31
Schools for the insane, 438
Scone, Augustan canon of, 28
Scot, Reginald, 31, 33, 37, 38
Scotch Board of Lunacy, 325, 347, 354
—— Commissioners, Report of, 1858, 360; 1878, 366; 1881, 373
—— system, analyzed, 373
Scotland, 14, 185, 321, 453
Seclusion, 139, 250, 273, 342
Seguin, Dr., 302, 456
——, Dr. E., 456
Select Committee. See Committee
Seymour, Lord R., 160, 165
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 173, 191, 202, 248, 267, 268, 447
Shakespeare, 29, 40, 54, 56, 60, 65, 84
Shaw, Dr. Claye, 461
Sheil, Mr., 203
Sherlock, Dr., 448
Shuttleworth, Dr., 306
Sibbald, Dr., 501
Siegburg Asylum, 460, 492, Appendix C
Silk, toasted, 95
Single patients, 186, 236, 262, 286
Skae, Dr., 371, 467
Skelton, 56
Skull of man executed, 33
Sligo Asylum, 421
Smart, Mr. T. L., 48
Smith, Mr., his notice of Bethlem, 65, 67, 69, 73, 507
——, Dr. C., 24
——, Mr. C. Roach, 50
——, Dr. John, 391
——, Sydney, 83, 123, 147, 151, 152
——, Mr. W., 149
Smollett, 96
Solly, 473
Somerset, Lord R., 175, 176, 177, 187, 202
Southey, Dr., 191, 450
Specifics in insanity, 486
Spencer, Herbert, 474, 475
Spitzka, Dr., 498
St. Agnes, 13
St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 58
St. Botolph, 45, 48
St. Fillan, 2, 14
St. George's Fields, 82, 84
St. Kea, 13
St. Kentigern, 14, 29
St. Levan, 13
St. Luke's Hospital, 86-91, 110, 113, 118, 166, 214, Appendix A
St. Mangose, 28
St. Maree, 17, 19
St. Martin's Lane, 53
St. Mary of Bethlem, 45
St. Molonah, 16
St. Nun, 11
St. Peter's Hospital, 210
St. Ronan, 16
St. Thomas' Asylum (Exeter), 210
St. Vincent de Paul, 301
St. Winifred, 9, 10
Stafford Asylum, 165, 214, 250
Stag's skull, 33
Star of Bethlem, 52
Starcraft (Saxon), 1
Starcross Institution, 306, 320
Stark, Mr., 121
Stearns, Dr., 460
Stewart, Dr. Henry, 309
——, Dr. Robert, 424
Stilliard's map, 61
Stocks, 43, 52
Stokes, Dr. (Baltimore), 484, 486
Stothard, 70
Stow, 53, 55, 88, 508
Strathfillan, 14
Struthill, 16
Submersion, 18, 19, 20, 513
Suffolk Asylum, 165, 214, 503
Sumner, George, 302
Superintendent of asylum, his strange mental environment, 464
——, the good, 460
Superstitions, Scotch, 14, 22
Surrey Asylum (Brookwood), 250, 505
——, (Wandsworth), 249
Swallows, stones from maw of, 5
Swift, Dean, 95
Swift's Asylum, 111, 396
Switzerland and idiots, 304
Symonds, Dr. J. Addington, 471
T.
"Tale of a Tub," 95
Tamburini, Professor, 284
Temple of St. Molonah, 16
Temptations of the fiend, 4
Thornbury's "London," 88
Thurnam, Dr., 492
Timbs' London, 84
Tober-na-galt, 23
Tokens (Bedlam), 48
Tom of Bedlam, 39, 40, 65, 66
Tooke, Horne, 103
Torture in Scotland, 42
Townshend, Mr. T., 98, 99, 101, 202
Treatment of insane, advance in, 484, 490
"Tree of truth," 41
Trelat, 444
Trevelyan, Sir Charles, 312
——, Mr., 103
Tuileries, Bethlem copied the, 70
Tuke, William, 113-116, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135
——, Samuel, 89, 121, 125, 126, 150, 182, 187, 220, 333, 400
——, J. Batty, 391, 478
Turkish bath, 485
Tyndale, 56, 60
Tyson, Dr., 80, 81
U.
University College, London, 443
Unzer, 468
Urban insanity, 362
V.
Vale of St. Fillan, 14
Valley of Lunatics, 22
Ventry, battle of, 24
Virchow, 475, 476
Visitation of Asylums, 188
Vitre, Dr. de, 182, 306
Voisin, 302, 444
——, M. Aug., 480
Voluntary patients, 374
—— restraint, 215
Votive offerings, 16
W.
Wakefield Asylum, 165, 166, 179, 180, 214, 250
Wakley, Mr., 176
Wales, 182, 253
Walpole, Mr., 191
Wandsworth Asylum, 249
Warburton, Dr., 164, 167, 168, 171, 183
Ward, Ned, 73, 75
Warneford Asylum, 210, 214
Warren, Dr., 107
Wastell cake, 53
Waterford Asylum, 399, 417
Weir, Dr., 156
Wells. See Holy
Wemyss, General, 324
Wesley, John, 108, 109
Western, Mr., 149
Westminster play, lines on Bethlem, 70
Westphal, 448, 478, 479, 480
Wexford, cells for lunatics, 411
Whipping insane, 7, 41, 42, 43, 57, 95, 513
Whitbread, Mr., 191
White, Dr., 411
——, Misses, 304
White Hart Tavern, 48
Whitmer, Dr., 284
Whittier, on St. Maree, 19
Wiclif, 299
Wierus, 35, 37
Wilbur, Dr. H. B., 303, 304
Wild Murdoch, 19
Wilkes, Mr., 98, 103, 418
Willes, Mr. Justice, 245
Williams, Mr. (afterwards Dr.), visiting physician to the Retreat, 333
——, Dr. Duckworth, 462, 489
——, Dr. W., 448
——, Dr. W., (Denbigh Asylum), 253
——, Mr. R. L., 257
Willis, Dr., 107
Windmill Hill, 86
—— Inn, 84
Winslow, Dr. Forbes, 446
Witch's bridle, 42
Witchcraft, 26, 31, 32, 34, 43
Witley, 85
"Wodnes" and "Wodman," 6
Wolf's flesh, 4
Wolsey, 56
Wonford Asylum, 466
"Wood," 6, 10
Wooden statues at Bethlem, 72
Woods, Dr. Oscar, 23
Woodward, Dr., 302, 445
Wordsworth, 54
Work, physical importance of, for women, 384
Workhouses, 126, 192, 199, 234, 250
—— (Irish), 430, 441
Wortcunning (Saxon), 1
Wortley, Mr. Stuart, 339
"Wud," 6
Wynn, Mr., 127, 128, 160, 161, 162, 164, 202, 203
Y.
Yellowlees, Dr., 372
York Asylum, 112, 124, 150, 174, 210, 244
—— Retreat, 113-125, 135, 187, 214, 220, 231, 244, 268, 323, 446, 493, 515. See Frontispiece
Young, Mr. G., 360
Z.
Ziemssen's "Cyclopaedia," 480
THE END.
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
I. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MIND UPON THE BODY. Designed to Elucidate the Action of the Imagination. 8vo. 14s.
II. A MANUAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 25s. (Joint Author with DR. BUCKNILL, F.R.S.)
III. INSANITY IN ANCIENT AND MODERN LIFE, WITH CHAPTERS ON ITS PREVENTION. Second Edition. 12mo. 6s.
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Transcriber's Note, continued:
Except when index entries did not match the body of the text, irregularities in capitalization and hyphenation have not been corrected. Alternate spellings (e.g. Ogilvy vs. Ogilvie), possible errors in quoted passages (e.g. remembraance), and mathematical errors have not been changed or corrected.
Minor punctuation errors (e.g. missing or extra quotation marks, extra commas) have been corrected without note.
Footnote markers have been changed from symbols to numbers. Tables spanning more than one page in the original book have been joined and the "Carried Forward" and "Brought Forward" rows removed.
The following corrections and changes were also made:
p. 211: moved footnote marker in table from before "Workhouses and elsewhere" to after
p. 263: mantenance to maintenance (the average weekly cost of maintenance)
p. 304: Etvy to Etoy
p. 308 and p. 537/538 (Index): Boldovan to Baldovan, and moved index entry to correct alphabetical order
p. 340: aslyums to asylums (lunatics and lunatic asylums)
p. 356: Kircudbrightshire to Kirkcudbrightshire
p. 394: Clonwell to Clonmel (Clonmel Asylum)
p. 444: pychologists to psychologists (celebrated psychologists)
p. 489: apostrophe removed from "Haywards" (Haywards Heath Asylum)
p. 494: igorance to ignorance (ignorance and fear)
p. 533: chapter v to chapter vi (See chapter vi.)
p. 538: 1858, 1859, 191, 259; to 1858, 191; 1859, 259; (Index entry for "Census of insane")
p. 539: Colebrook to Colebrooke (Index entry)
p. 541: Stoughton to Staughton (Index entry for "Great Staughton")
p. 543: 553 to 355 (Index entry for "McNeill, Sir John")
p. 544: Nicolin to Niolin, and moved to correct alphabetical order (Index entry for "Niolin, red")
p. 546: added C. (Index entry for "Smith, Mr. C. Roach")
p. 546: Thomas's to Thomas' (Index entry for "St. Thomas' Asylum")
p. 548: moved Index entry for "Willes, Mr. Justice" to correct alphabetical order (originally between "Willis, Dr." and "Windmill Hill")
Italics markup has not been included on the currency symbols "d." and "s." and, to save space, several em-dashes in tables have been changed to colons.
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